8th grade ch 18 Flashcards

1
Q

why industry boomed2

A
  • more coal/steel in west

- new railroads in west

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2
Q

patent

A

document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention

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3
Q

thomas edison

A

invented light bulb

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4
Q

alexander graham bell

A

invented the telephone

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5
Q

christopher sholes

A

invented type writer

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6
Q

george eastman

A

invented lightweight camera

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7
Q

henry ford

A

invented more affordable automobile

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8
Q

assembly line

A

manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt

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9
Q

wilbur and orville wright

A

invented gas powered airplane

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10
Q

entrepreneur

A

someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit

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11
Q

corporations2

A
  • businesses owned by many investors

- less risk for investors, more risk for full time owners

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12
Q

banks

A

lent huge amounts of capital to corporations to help industry grow faster

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13
Q

monopoly

A

company that controls most or all businesses in a particular industry

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14
Q

andrew carnegie2

A
  • born poor

- established carnegie steel company

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15
Q

gospel of wealth

A

carnegie philosophy that says that the rich had a duty to improve society

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16
Q

john d rockefeller2

A
  • born poor

- established standard oil trust

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17
Q

trust2

A
  • group of corporations run by a single board of directors=

- saw as a threat to free enterprise

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18
Q

free enterprise

A

system in which privately owned businesses compete freely

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19
Q

social darwinism

A

businesses that drove out their competitors deserved to survive

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20
Q

changes in workplace3

A
  • workplaces grew
  • more women and children
  • disease and injury
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21
Q

sweatshop

A

manufacturing workshop where workers toil long hours under poor conditions for low pay

22
Q

knights of labor2

A
  • admitted women, blacks, immigrants, and unskilled workers

- huge killing in haymarket square, knights lost influence

23
Q

american federation of labor3

A
  • founder: samuel gompers
  • only admitted skilled workers, not enough
  • believed in collective bargaining
24
Q

collective bargaining

A

unions negotiate with management for workers as a group

25
Q

urbanization

A

rapid growth of city population

26
Q

mary harris jones2

A
  • advocated for children’s rights

- known as mother jones

27
Q

reasons for urbanization

A
  • cities attracted industry, industry attracted people

- waterways for trade

28
Q

public transportation

A

gave rise to suburbs on the outskirts of the cities

29
Q

tenement

A

buildings divided into many tiny apartments

30
Q

improving city life3

A
  • streetlights
  • fire/police departments
  • salvation army
31
Q

jane addams

A

opened hull house, a settlement house in chicago that helped poor people

32
Q

settlement house

A

center offering help to urban poor

33
Q

department store2

A
  • people came downtown to buy goods that came from factories

- offered many different kinds of goods in one store

34
Q

reasons for migration4

A
  • more jobs
  • religious freedom
  • political unrest
  • more land
35
Q

steerage

A

large compartments that usually held cattle

36
Q

immigrant neighborhoods2

A
  • settled in cities

- settled around people of their same ethnicity

37
Q

assimilation

A

process of becoming part of another culture

38
Q

anarchist

A

person who opposes all forms of government

39
Q

nativists2

A
  • sought to preserve u.s. for native-born american citizens

- associated immigrants with violence, crime, and anarchy

40
Q

chinese exclusion act

A

first law limiting immigration based on race. repealed in 1943

41
Q

bad immigrant law in 1917(2)

A
  • immigrants who could not read their own languages can’t enter u.s.
  • education was for the wealthy, so most people could not immigrate
42
Q

compulsory education

A

requirement that kids attend school up to a certain age

43
Q

kids school day2

A
  • learned reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic

- readings taught moral values and christian religion

44
Q

adult education2

A
  • public libraries opened to offer knowledge to adults

- new state universities, which were free

45
Q

Chautauqua Society

A

group that gave lectures on variety of subjects to adults

46
Q

realist

A

writer who tries to show life as it is, emphasizes the harsh side

47
Q

mark twain2

A
  • real name: Samuel Clemens

- made realistic stories by copying real ways that people from south spoke

48
Q

causes of newspaper boom2

A
  • education: as more americans could read, they bought more newspapers
  • urbanization: in cities, people need newspapers to stay informed
49
Q

joseph pulitzer

A

created first modern, mass-circulation newspaper, New York World

50
Q

yellow journalism

A

describes the sensational reporting style of New York World

51
Q

george pullman4

A
  • manufacturer of railroad cars
  • cut his workers’ pay by 25%
  • refused to lower rents on company-owned housing
  • caused violent disputes