8th grade ch 17- the west transformed

Question 1

comstock lode

Answer 1

a rich vein of ore that’s one of the richest silver mines in the world in sierra nevada

Question 2

boomtown

Answer 2

town that arose around diggings or mining camps

Question 3

vigilantes

Answer 3

self-appointed law keepers

Question 4

ghost towns

Answer 4

boomtowns that shut down once the ore was extracted

Question 5

subsidies

Answer 5

grants of land or money

Question 6

transcontinental railroad

Answer 6

railroad line that spanned the continent

Question 7

building the transcontinental railroad 3

Answer 7

• lots of immigrants
• dangerous
• built two lines that met in the middle

Question 8

effects of transcontinental railroad3

Answer 8

• new western towns
• more gold/silver was found
• more states

Question 9

travois

Answer 9

small sleds

Question 10

tepees

Answer 10

cone-shaped tents made of buffalo skins

Question 11

life of plains indian5

Answer 11

• gathered, hunted, fished, farmed
• followed the buffalo
• tamed the european horses
• traded with french and british for guns
• lived in teepees

Question 12

fort laramie treaty

Answer 12

us officials said if indians stopped following buffalo and settle permanently, they would protect their land

Question 13

sand creek massacre

Answer 13

colonel john chivingston attacked a band of peaceful cheyennes because some resisted to give up their land. many died

Question 14

buffalo soldiers2

Answer 14

• black soldiers who fought on the plains

- often veterans of civil war

Question 15

reservation

Answer 15

land set aside for indians to live on

Question 16

sitting bull

Answer 16

native american who led attacks to keep white people out of their land that had gold in it

Question 17

battle of little bighorn

Answer 17

colonel george custer attacked large band of sioux and cheyenne to try to force them onto a reservation. all of custer’s men died

Question 18

long walk

Answer 18

walk that navajos were forced to take to go to their reservation that was very hard and lots of people died

Question 19

ghost dance 2

Answer 19

• dance that natives danced because they believed their ancestors would help them
• soldiers thought of dance as an uprising

Question 20

dawes act2

Answer 20

• tried to end native wandering and turn them to farmers by giving them each 160 acres.
• failed, many sold their land and natives remained poor

Question 21

open range

Answer 21

unfenced land

Question 22

cattle drive

Answer 22

herding and moving of cattle over long distances

Question 23

life on cattle drives3

Answer 23

• hard and dangerous
• dehydration
• natural disasters

Question 24

vaquero

Answer 24

spanish word for cowboy

Question 25

vaqueros influenced america3

Answer 25

• taught how to ride, rope, brand
• outfit: cowboy hat, spurs, leather, lasso
• 1/3 western cowboys were mexican

Question 26

cow towns

Answer 26

settlement at the end of a cattle trail

Question 27

myth of the west2

Answer 27

• west was a place of violence, adventure, and opportunity

- wild west

Question 28

buffalo bill

Answer 28

traveled in a show performing daring tricks

Question 29

how was the west being transformed3

Answer 29

• natives forced onto reservations
• mining and ranching were big businesses
• cow towns were being quieted down

Question 30

cattle kingdom

Answer 30

region dominated by the cattle industry and its ranches, trails, and cow towns

Question 31

cattle boom

Answer 31

new breeds of cattle that didn’t die as easy were found. more meat

Question 32

end of cattle boom2

Answer 32

• too much cattle, many starved

- there were too many ranchers, not enough land

Question 33

homesteaders

Answer 33

settlers who acquired free land from the government

Question 34

homestead act

Answer 34

offered a 150 acre plot to anyone who resided on the land for 5 years, to give poor people a chance to farm

Question 35

railroads promote farming3

Answer 35

• farms meant more shipping for railroads
• railroads gave away some of the acres they got from government
• recruited thousands of people to settle on the plains

Question 36

sod

Answer 36

surface layer of each in which the roots of grasses tangle with soil

Question 37

life on the plains4

Answer 37

• fertile soil
• turned sod into walls
• used sod busting plow
• hard work

Question 38

sodbusters

Answer 38

plains farmers

Question 39

boomer

Answer 39

people who haddock to claim some of the 2 mill acres near oklahoma city

Question 40

sooner

Answer 40

people who had already sneaked onto the land that the boomers were going to

Question 41

crisis on the farm2

Answer 41

• farmers were producing a surplus, prices dropped

- small farmers couldn’t repay their loans and fell into debt

Question 42

granges

Answer 42

groups of farmers who met for lectures, sewing bees, and other events

Question 43

national grange

Answer 43

group who joined to demand the same low rates from railroads and warehouses that were given to the farmers

Question 44

farm cooperatives

Answer 44

groups of farmers who pooled their money to make large purchases of tools, seed, etc at a discount

Question 45

populist party2

Answer 45

• unhappy farmers joined with members of labor unions
• demanded public ownership pf railroads and warehouses to control rates, a tax on income to replace proper taxes ,an 8 hr work day, etc

Question 46

inflation

Answer 46

general rise in prices

Question 47

election of 1896 4

Answer 47

• populists supported democrat william bryan, aka “great commoner”
• bankers and businesses supported republican william mckinley
• mckinley won
• populists faded

Question 48

main points of the chapter4

Answer 48

mining: gold rush, boomtowns, railroads
natives: fort laramie treaty, reservations, dawes act
cattle: cattle drives, kingdom
farming: homesteaders, populists

Question 49

exodusters

Answer 49

african americans who settled in plains

Question 50

pogroms

Answer 50

violent attacks against jews