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Anatomy > Urogenitary System > Flashcards

Urogenitary System Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures are part of the urinogenitary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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2
Q

What do gonadal vessels supply?

A

Gonadal vessels supply ovaries/testes crossing over psoas major

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3
Q

Where are ureters located?

A

Start at renal pelvis and terminate in bladder trigone

Ureters lie on psoas major anterior surface

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4
Q

Describe the structure of ureters

A

muscular vessels undergo peristalsis to move urine along

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5
Q

What is the function of ureters?

A

Convey urine from kidneys to bladder

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6
Q

Which sites along the ureter can lead to urolithiasis?

A

The three sites of constriction leading to blockage are:

  • Leaving renal pelvis
  • Crossing pelvic brim
  • Passing through bladder wall
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7
Q

What method is used to view ureters?

A

seen using intravenous pyelogram/urogram (IVP/IVU)

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8
Q

What is the detrusor muscle?

A

Smooth muscle forming the bladder wall

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9
Q

What nervous systems innervate the detrusor muscle?

A

sympathetic - lumbar spinal cord

parasympathetic - sacral spinal cord

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10
Q

What are rugae?

A

When bladder is empty the setrusor muscle is highly folded forming rugae - extend when fills

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11
Q

Which structures form the trigone?

A

2 ureter openings

Internal urethra meatus

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12
Q

What is the prostate gland function?

A

In males forms seminal fluid

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13
Q

How do testes receive blood?

A

Testicular arteries arising from anterior surface of abdominal aorta

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14
Q

What is the significance of the trigone area?

A

The area is very sensitive to expansion

once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty

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15
Q

What is the rectovesical pouch?

A

A sac between the rectum and urinary bladder in males; formed by folding of the peritoneum

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16
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic
- passing through prostrate

Membranous
- shorter; passes through pelvic floor

Spongy
- through shaft of penis terminating at navicular fossa

17
Q

Which structures form the penis?

A 
corpus cavernosum (x2)
corpus spongiosum - where urethra passes
navicular fossa
18
Q

What is the function of the corpus cavernosum?

A

Fills with 90% of the blood involved in an erection, increasing both in length and in diameter

19
Q

What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Prevents compression of the urethra during erection

20
Q

What is the Ductus (vas) deferens?

A

Muscular tube carrying spermatoza from testes to prostratic urethra

21
Q

Where is the ductus vas deferens located?

A

Runs from testes through inguinal canal in the spermatic cord
crosses external iliac vessels and joins spermatic vesicles forming the ejaculatory duct

22
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct lead to?

A

Opens into prostatic urethra

23
Q

How long are the male and female urethras?

A

Male - ~20 cm

Female ~4-5 cm

24
Q

Where is the female urethra located?

A

Anterior and parallel to the vagina

25
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch?

A

Pouch (of Douglas) (between rectum and vaginal canal)

26
Q

What is the vesicouterine pouch?

A

Between vaginal and uterine canal

27
Q

What is the significance of peritoneal pouches?

A

Infectious fluids localised into pouches

28
Q

Describe the female reproductive organs

A

uterine (Fallopian) tubes
fimbriae
broad ligament - double peritoneum
ovaries
ovarian ligament attach ovaries to uterus
suspensory ligament of the ovary transmitting blood
vessels

29
Q

What is the consequence of an enlarged prostate?

A

Enlarged prostate can compress urethra making urination difficult causing urinary retention in bladder

30
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

2 passages in anterior abdominal wall
Males; convey the spermatic cords
Females; convey round ligament of uterus

31
Q

What structures pass through inguinal canal in males?

A

testicular artery and vein
ductus (vas) deferens
spermatic cord

32
Q

What are the inguinal rings?

A

Oblique openings into the inguinal canal
Deep - opening into canal
Superficial - exit from canal

33
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine

34
Q

What is a potential problem caused at the inguinal ligament?

A

openings cause weakness - leads to hernias

35
Q

What is a direct hernia?

A

Gut gets pushed through superficial ring

36
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

Patency of openings sometimes allows gut to move down into the scrotum

Anatomy (34 decks)

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