The Upper Limb

Question 1

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

Serve to attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton

Question 2

What bones form the pectoral girdle?

Answer 2

Scapula

Clavicle

Question 3

Name the structures forming the Scapula

Answer 3

• Inferior + Superior angles
• Spine
• Acromion process
• Coracoid process
• Glenoid fossa

Question 4

Describe the structure of the superior angle of the scapula

Answer 4

• Thin, smooth, rounded
• Inclined lateralward
• Attaches a few fibers of levator scapulae muscle

Question 5

Describe the inferior angle of the scapula

Answer 5

• Lowest part of scapula

- Covered by latissimus dorsi muscle

Question 6

What is the spine of the scapula?

Answer 6

Prominent plate of bone crossing obliquely the medial upper 4/5 of the scapula

Question 7

What is the acromion?

Answer 7

Large bony projection on the superior end of the scapula

Question 8

Which structures does the acromion form joints with?

Answer 8

• Muscle attachment point for function of the shoulder joint

- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint with the clavicle

Question 9

What is the caracoid process of the scapula?

Answer 9

Small hook-like structure on lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula
Points laterally forward
- stabilises shoulder joint with acromion

Question 10

What is the glenoid fossa?

Answer 10

• Pyriform articular surface
• Located on lateral angle of scapula
• Forms glenohumeral joint with humerus bone

Question 11

Describe the gleno-humeral joint

Answer 11

Humerus articulates with scapula at glenoid fossa

Question 12

Why has the gleno-humeral joint have low congruence?

Answer 12

poor fitting joint to allow extensive movement

- more susceptible to dislocation

Question 13

What forms the elbow joint?

Answer 13

Humerus articulates with radius and ulna

Question 14

What are the medial and lateral epicondyles?

Answer 14

Medial epicondyle

• larger and more prominent
• directed more posteriorly

Lateral epicondyle

• directed more anteriorly
• conencts radial collateral ligament

Question 15

What is the olecranon fossa?

Answer 15

Deep triangular depression on posterior humerus

Superior to trochlea

Question 16

Where do the radius and ulna articulate?

Answer 16

Radius and ulna articulate at the proximal radioulnar joint

Question 17

Where is the ulna bone located?

Answer 17

Directly under the skin throughout its length in the forearm

Question 18

What structures are located at the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones?

Answer 18

Radial and ulnar styloid processes

- attachment point for collateral ligaments of the wrist

Question 19

Describe the location of the radius and ulna in respect to one another

Answer 19

Radius and ulna lie parallel anatomical position

- Pronating the arm, swings the hand and radius around the ulna

Question 20

What forms the wrist joint?

Answer 20

Distal parts of the radius and ulna

Proximal row of carpal bones

Question 21

Which bones form the wrist and hand joints?

Answer 21

Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquetrium 
Pissiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle

Question 22

Identify the positions of the scaphoid, lunate and hamate bones

Answer 22

Scaphoid - radial side base of wrist
Lunate - Ulnar side base of wrist
Hamate - below pinky finger

Question 23

What are metacarpals?

Answer 23

First row of (long) bones of the hand connected to wrist bones (carpals)

Question 24

What are phalanges?

Answer 24

The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot

3 phalanges per finger/toe
- proximal, middle, distal

(thumb only has 2 phalanges - proximal + distal)

Question 25

What are the mcp joints?

Answer 25

The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the finger