The Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the pectoral girdle?
Serve to attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton
What bones form the pectoral girdle?
Scapula
Clavicle
Name the structures forming the Scapula
- Inferior + Superior angles
- Spine
- Acromion process
- Coracoid process
- Glenoid fossa
Describe the structure of the superior angle of the scapula
- Thin, smooth, rounded
- Inclined lateralward
- Attaches a few fibers of levator scapulae muscle
Describe the inferior angle of the scapula
- Lowest part of scapula
- Covered by latissimus dorsi muscle
What is the spine of the scapula?
Prominent plate of bone crossing obliquely the medial upper 4/5 of the scapula
What is the acromion?
Large bony projection on the superior end of the scapula
Which structures does the acromion form joints with?
- Muscle attachment point for function of the shoulder joint
- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint with the clavicle
What is the caracoid process of the scapula?
Small hook-like structure on lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula
Points laterally forward
- stabilises shoulder joint with acromion
What is the glenoid fossa?
- Pyriform articular surface
- Located on lateral angle of scapula
- Forms glenohumeral joint with humerus bone
Describe the gleno-humeral joint
Humerus articulates with scapula at glenoid fossa
Why has the gleno-humeral joint have low congruence?
poor fitting joint to allow extensive movement
- more susceptible to dislocation
What forms the elbow joint?
Humerus articulates with radius and ulna
What are the medial and lateral epicondyles?
Medial epicondyle
- larger and more prominent
- directed more posteriorly
Lateral epicondyle
- directed more anteriorly
- conencts radial collateral ligament
What is the olecranon fossa?
Deep triangular depression on posterior humerus
Superior to trochlea
Where do the radius and ulna articulate?
Radius and ulna articulate at the proximal radioulnar joint
Where is the ulna bone located?
Directly under the skin throughout its length in the forearm
What structures are located at the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones?
Radial and ulnar styloid processes
- attachment point for collateral ligaments of the wrist
Describe the location of the radius and ulna in respect to one another
Radius and ulna lie parallel anatomical position
- Pronating the arm, swings the hand and radius around the ulna
What forms the wrist joint?
Distal parts of the radius and ulna
Proximal row of carpal bones
Which bones form the wrist and hand joints?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pissiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle
Identify the positions of the scaphoid, lunate and hamate bones
Scaphoid - radial side base of wrist
Lunate - Ulnar side base of wrist
Hamate - below pinky finger
What are metacarpals?
First row of (long) bones of the hand connected to wrist bones (carpals)
What are phalanges?
The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot
3 phalanges per finger/toe
- proximal, middle, distal
(thumb only has 2 phalanges - proximal + distal)
