Lungs and Diaphragm Flashcards
What are the pleurae surrounding the lungs?
Visceral - envelops the lung
Parietal - lines inner chest wall
What is the function of the pleural fluid?
Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between the visceral and parietal surfaces
What is the space between the two pleurae called?
Interpleural space (cavity)
What is the hilum of the lungs?
Hilar region is where principal bronchi, pulmonary arteries, superior and inferior veins, and nerves enter and exit lungs
What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?
Mediastinal - marked by hilum faces mediastinum
Inferior Base of lung - concave as sits on diaphragm
Large costal surface - convex faces ribcage
Name the 3 right lung lobes
Superior, Middle and Inferior lobes
superior and middle divided by horizontal fissure
Name the 2 lung lobes
Superior and Inferior
Which fissure divides the lung into superior and inferior?
Oblique fissure
What structure forms the division of the thorax and abdomen?
The diaphragm
What is the mediastinum?
occupies the space between the two pleural sacs
What structures are contained in the medistinum?
Heart
Great blood vessels
Oesophagus
Trachea
What is the cardiac notch?
An indentation L lung surface allowing space for the heart
What is the lingula of the left lung?
L lung doesn’t have middle lobe; instead has a homologous tongue like projection - lingula
What structures are present in the superior mediastinum?
Arch of aorta & branches
SVC
Trachea
Oesophagus
What structures are present in the middle mediastinum?
Heart in pericardium Bifurcation of trachea Ascending aorta SVC Pulmonary trunk
What structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?
Descending aorta
Oesophagus
Describe the pressure within the pleural cavity
It is at sub-atmospheric pressure
At which level is the diaphragm attachment?
L2 along sternum and 12th rib
What 3 major structures pass through the diaphragm?
Inferior Vena Cava - T8
Oesophagus - T10
Descending Aorta - T8
What are the diaphragmatic crura?
Thickening of diaphragm on either side of oesophagul and aortic openings called the L + R crura
Where does the crura end?
L crus - L2
R crus - L3
What forms the median arcuate ligament?
arching of 2 crura over the aortic opening
The fibres cross over to surround oesophagul hiatus
Describe the role of the central tendon of the diaphragm
Elongation of posterior muscles and fibrous pericardium fuses with it
What is the innervation of the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve at C3, C4, C5
- keeps the diaphragm alive
