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Anatomy > Lungs and Diaphragm > Flashcards

Lungs and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the pleurae surrounding the lungs?

A

Visceral - envelops the lung

Parietal - lines inner chest wall

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2
Q

What is the function of the pleural fluid?

A

Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between the visceral and parietal surfaces

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3
Q

What is the space between the two pleurae called?

A

Interpleural space (cavity)

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4
Q

What is the hilum of the lungs?

A

Hilar region is where principal bronchi, pulmonary arteries, superior and inferior veins, and nerves enter and exit lungs

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5
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

A

Mediastinal - marked by hilum faces mediastinum
Inferior Base of lung - concave as sits on diaphragm
Large costal surface - convex faces ribcage

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6
Q

Name the 3 right lung lobes

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior lobes

superior and middle divided by horizontal fissure

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7
Q

Name the 2 lung lobes

A

Superior and Inferior

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8
Q

Which fissure divides the lung into superior and inferior?

A

Oblique fissure

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9
Q

What structure forms the division of the thorax and abdomen?

A

The diaphragm

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10
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

occupies the space between the two pleural sacs

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11
Q

What structures are contained in the medistinum?

A

Heart
Great blood vessels
Oesophagus
Trachea

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12
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

An indentation L lung surface allowing space for the heart

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13
Q

What is the lingula of the left lung?

A

L lung doesn’t have middle lobe; instead has a homologous tongue like projection - lingula

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14
Q

What structures are present in the superior mediastinum?

A

Arch of aorta & branches
SVC
Trachea
Oesophagus

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15
Q

What structures are present in the middle mediastinum?

A 
Heart in pericardium 
Bifurcation of trachea
Ascending aorta 
SVC
Pulmonary trunk
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16
Q

What structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Descending aorta

Oesophagus

17
Q

Describe the pressure within the pleural cavity

A

It is at sub-atmospheric pressure

18
Q

At which level is the diaphragm attachment?

A

L2 along sternum and 12th rib

19
Q

What 3 major structures pass through the diaphragm?

A

Inferior Vena Cava - T8
Oesophagus - T10
Descending Aorta - T8

20
Q

What are the diaphragmatic crura?

A

Thickening of diaphragm on either side of oesophagul and aortic openings called the L + R crura

21
Q

Where does the crura end?

A

L crus - L2

R crus - L3

22
Q

What forms the median arcuate ligament?

A

arching of 2 crura over the aortic opening

The fibres cross over to surround oesophagul hiatus

23
Q

Describe the role of the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

Elongation of posterior muscles and fibrous pericardium fuses with it

24
Q

What is the innervation of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve at C3, C4, C5

- keeps the diaphragm alive

Anatomy (34 decks)

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