Legal & Ethics of Anatomy Flashcards
Define anatomy
the study of the structure and function of the human body
What are the subdivisions of anatomy?
- Gross anatomy
- neuroanatomy
- histology
- embryology
What is gross anatomy?
the macroscopic study of organs, structures, systems and their relationships
What is histology?
The study of cells and tissues at a microscopic level
What is embryology?
developmental biology
List the different approaches to anatomy
- regional / topographic (head, neck & abdomen)
- cross-sectional anatomy (axial, sagittal, coronal)
- systems anatomy (cardiovascular, endocrine,
lymphatics) - surface anatomy (usually clinical)
What are the various medical imaging techniques used?
Xray CT PET MRI Ultrasound
What does the axial skeleton refer to?
head, neck and trunk
What does the regional term ‘appendicular’ refer to?
appendages or limbs on the body
Give examples of specific regions, regional terms are used for
brachial, axillary, pelvic etc.
Describe the anatomical position
Body erect
Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward
Thumbs pointing away from the body
What are the different body planes?
Transverse plane
- axial / cross-sectional
- divides body into superior and inferior
Sagittal plane
- mid-sagittal is the median plane
- divides body into right and left
Coronal (Frontal) plane
- divides body into anterior / posterior
What is an abduction movement?
movement away from a central reference point
What is an adduction movement?
movement towards a central reference point (opposite of abduction)
What is a lateral movement?
rotation, turning a bone/limb around it’s long axis, away from the midline (laterally)
What is a medial movement?
turning medially toward the midline
What is an extension?
a movement increasing the joint angle
What is a flexion?
a movement decreasing the joint angle
Describe the movement of the spine
Flexion in the spine decreases the angle between the vertebral bodies when bending forwards.
Extension occurs when we bend backwards, increasing the angle to extend the spine
What is dorsiflexion?
Lifting of the foot / ankle upwards
What is plantarflexion?
downward movement of the foot
