Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are sulcus?

A

crevice/trench on brain surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are gyrus?

A

Ridges on the brain surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

A plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid, lining the ventricles of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Falx cerebri?

A

The longitudinal crescent shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater between the cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are brain ventricles?

A

Four cavities located within the brain that contain cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by a sinus?

A

sac/cavity in organ or tissue. E.g. Frontal sinus, cavity containing air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

The saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone, housing the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Upper most region of the brain nervous system, containing the white and grey matter
It is the seat of personality, memory
and intelligence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

hindbrain situated at the back of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are meninges?

A

‘Membrane’ layers covering the brain consisting of dura, arachnoid and pia
layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many bones is the skull composed of?

A

22 bones

8 form the cranium and 14 form the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are the 22 bones of the skull connected?

A

The joints between the skull bones are an example of

syndesmosis (fibrous joints).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Concerned with balance, muscular co-ordination and dexterity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the brain stem function?

A

The brain stem is critical for normal conscious awareness and basic “life support” functions
(e.g. control of breathing and blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the 3 main brain fissures

A
  • longitudinal fissure
  • transverse fissure
  • lateral sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the longitudinal fissure located?

A

Between the two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the transverse fissure found?

A

Between the cerebrum and cerebellum;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus?

A

Between the frontal and temporal lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What functional region is found in the frontal lobe?

A

Frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex

20
Q

Which functional sensory region is in the parietal lobe?

A

Parietal lobe, containing the primary somatic sensory cortex

21
Q

What functional region is housed in the occipital lobe?

A

Occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex

22
Q

What region is found in the temporal lobe?

A

Temporal lobe, containing the primary auditory cortex

23
Q

Describe the surface of the brain

A

The surface of the brain consists of a number of folds (gyri) separated by grooves (sulci)

24
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

This is an impressive bundle of three hundred million nerve fibres linking the two cerebral hemispheres

can be seen in a mid sagittal sectioned brain

25
Q

Describe the outermost brain meninx

A

The outermost is dura mater; robust and leathery

Tightly adherent to bone and often remains attached to the inside of the skull during removal of the brain

26
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A second dural partition interposed between cerebrum and cerebellum, arching over the posterior fossa like a tent

27
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

In places the dura separates into two layers, creating a channel filled with venous blood from the brain

Found in the in the free and attached margins of the falx and tentorium

28
Q

What is the significance of trauma to the brain?

A

Trauma can cause bleeding between the skull and the dura mater (extra-dural haemorrhage) which can cause life-threatening pressure on the brain.

29
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A

The arachnoid is semi-transparent so you can see the cortical vessels beneath it, in the subarachnoid space

30
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

This is a very narrow space over the surface of the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Note that bleeding into the sub-arachnoid space (sub-arachnoid haemorrhage) can be a cause of sudden death.

31
Q

Where is the pia mater located?

A

The delicate pia mater closely invests the cortical surface and cannot be identified separately

32
Q

Why is meningitis so deadly?

A

In bacterial meningitis there is acute inflammation of the arachnoid and pia with thick, creamy exudate (pus) filling the subarachnoid space and surrounding the vessels.

Note that meningitis can be a life-threatening condition and have severe consequences in those who
survive

33
Q

Describe the ventricular system of the brain

A

Each part of the brain contains a fluid-filled cavity or channel corresponding to the lumen of the embryonic neural tube.
This gives rise to the ventricular system.

34
Q

What are the lateral ventricles?

A

The large, C-shaped cavities in each cerebral hemisphere are the lateral ventricles.

These drain via the two interventricular foramina to a single, slit-like third ventricle which is located in midline, between the two egg-shaped thalami (plural of thalamus)

35
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

The diamond-shaped fourth ventricle lies between the brain stem anteriorly and the cerebellum behind.

36
Q

How are the 3rd and 4th ventricles connected?

A

The third and fourth ventricles are connected by the narrow cerebral aqeuduct of the midbrain

37
Q

When is CSF produced?

A

CSF is continuously secreted by the choroid plexus: a highly vascular structure within each ventricle.

38
Q

How does CSF reach the subarachnoid space?

A

It flows towards the fourth ventricle before escaping via three openings to reach the subarachnoid space

39
Q

How is the flow of CSF kept constant?

A

CSF is continuously reabsorbed into the superior sagittal sinus (one of the dural venous sinuses).

The rate of absorption matches the rate of production, keeping the CSF volume and pressure constant.

40
Q

What 3 components is the brainstem formed of?

A

The brain stem is composed of the midbrain, pons and medulla, from which 10 out of the
12 cranial nerves (peripheral nerves of the head and neck) arise.

41
Q

What are the 2 pyramid structures coming off the medulla?

A

The two longitudinally-disposed pyramids on either side of the
midline contain voluntary motor fibres descending from the frontal lobes to the spinal cord

42
Q

What would be the consequence of damage to the medullary pyramids?

A

Damage would cause weakness or paralysis

43
Q

Where is the pons located?

A

Just above the medulla

Forms a bridge with the cerebellum across the midline

44
Q

Where is the midbrain situated?

A

The midbrain is small and partially hidden from view, just above the pons.

45
Q

Describe the midbrain structure

A

From the anterior aspect it resembles two Roman pillars: the cerebral peduncles, separated by the interpeduncular fossa

Anatomy (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions