Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 > Urogenital System Anatomy > Flashcards

Urogenital System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System - Components

A

Kidney: paired

Urinary tract: paired ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidneys - Components and Location

A

Retroperitoneal
In posterior body wall. Superior portion protected by 11th and 12th rib.
Left: extends from T12 to L3.
Right: lower because of liver.
11 cm long, 6 cm wide, 150g.
Adrenal glands on top for endocrine functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External Anatomy of the Kidneys - External layers

A

Kidneys are protected by 3 external layers of connective tissue:

  • Renal fascia
  • Adipose capsule
  • Renal capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renal Fascia - Kidney

A

Attaches each kidney to the peritoneum and to the fascia covering the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adipose Capsule - Kidney

A

Adipose tissue to protect from shock, layer of fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal Capsule - Kidney

A

Covers the exterior of each kidney to protect from infection and physical trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Renal Hilum

A 
Medial surface where: 
- Renal artery
- Renal vein
- Renal nerves 
- Ureter
enter and exit. 
Opens to the Central cavity: renal sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Renal Sinus

A

Central cavity lined by renal capsule, filled with urine-draining structures and adipose tissue.
anchors the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves in place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys

A

3 distinct regions:

  • Outermost renal cortex
  • Middle renal medulla
  • Inner renal pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal Cortex and Renal Medulla

A

Form urine
Cone-shaped renal pyramids within the medulla.
Contain 1 million nephrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal Pelvis and Associated Structures - function

A

Drain urine that cortex and medulla have formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal Column

A

Extension of renal cortex. Includes Blood vessels that branch from renal artery that travel in the cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of the kidneys.
Filters blood and produces urine.
- Globe shaped renal corpuscle.
- Long renal tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Papilla - Kidney

A

Borders with Minor calyx, that is the first draining structure.
Minor and major calyx drain urine into renal pelvis leading to ureter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood Supply - Kidneys

A

Receive 1/4 of cardiac output.
Right and left renal arteries (from abdominal aorta).
1. Renal artery → 2. Segmental artery → 3. Interlobar artery → 4. Arcuate artery → 5. Interlobular artery → 6. afferent arteriole → 7. Glomerulus → 8. Efferent arteriole
9. Peritubular capillaries → 10. Interlobular vein → 11. Arcuate vein → 12. Interlobar vein → 13. Renal vein.
Renal vein exits through hilum and empties into inferior vena cava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anatomical Relations - Right Kidney

A

Anterior: Suprarenal gland, liver, duodenum, right colic flexure.
Posterior: Diaphragm, 12th rib, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anatomical Relations - Left Kidney

A

Anterior: Suprarenal gland, spleen, stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure, jejunum.
Posterior: Diaphragm, 11 & 12 rib, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urinary Tract

A
  • Ureters: Tubes running posteriorly connected to the urinary bladder. Pathway for urine to bladder.
  • Urinary Bladder: Stores urine
  • Urethra: Tube connecting bladder to the outside of the body to expel urine. (longer in men).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ureters - Size, Location, mechanism to prevent back flow

A

25-30 cm long, 3-4 mm diameter.
From renal pelvis (L2 level), behind peritoneum and empty into bladder.
Mechanism to prevent backflow: increasing pressure with increasing urine, compresses tunnel in bladder, pinching ureter closed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anatomical Relations - Ureters

A

Right ureter:

  • Posterior: psoas major, genitofemoral nerve.
  • Anterior: duodenum, branches of superior mesenteric vessels.
  • Inferior: bladder.

Left ureter:

  • Posterior: psoas major, genitofemoral nerve.
  • Anterior: branches of inferior mesenteric vessels.
  • Inferior: bladder.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Urinary Bladder - Composition, Location

A

Mostly smooth muscle. Non-voluntary.
Sits on floor of pelvic cavity, suspended by fold of parietal peritoneum. Collapses when empty.
700-800 ml of urine (male), less in female (uterus pressing on top).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular area on floor of bladder (important for infection). Prevent backflow during eliminiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Internal Urethral Orifice

A

Opening to the urethra from the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anatomical Relations - Bladder Female vs. Male

A

Male: anterior to the rectum and prostate.
Female: anterior to vagina. Inferior to uterus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Urethra - Function and Sphincters

A

Drains urine from bladder to outside of body.
From internal urethral orifice, surrounded by internal urethral sphincter: remains closed until peeing.
External urethral sphincter: skeletal muscle, voluntary.

26
Q

Urethra - Female vs. Male

A

Female: short (4 cm). Opens at external urethral orifice between vagina and clitoris.
Male: long (20 cm). 3 regions:
- Prostatic urethra: passes through prostate gland.
- Membranous urethra: passes through levator ani muscle.
- Spongy urethra: passes through penis to external urethral orifice and erectile body of penis.
Transport urine and semsen.

27
Q

Female Reproductive System - External Genital Organs

A

Held by female perineum.

  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vestibule
  • Vestibular bulb
  • Vestibular gland
28
Q

Female Reproductive System - Internal Genital Organs

A

Duct system.

  • Vagina
  • Cervix
  • Uterus
  • Uterine tubes (Fallopian)
  • Ovaries (primary reproductive organs)
29
Q

Mons Pubis - External Genitals

A

Superior external part.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue anterior to pubic symphysis.
Covered with pubic hair.

30
Q

Labia Majora

A

Most lateral part of vulva, extending from mons pubis to perineum. 2 skin folds covered with pubic hair.
Pudendal cleft: between the two, containing labia minora and vestibule.
Homologous to scrotum of male.

31
Q

Labia Minora

A

Hairless skin folds between labia majora.
Surrounds vaginal vestibule, its urethral and vaginal orifice.
Contributes to clitoris.

32
Q

Clitoris

A

Analogous to male penis.
Most superior part of vulvar vestibule, surrounded by anterior part of labia minora (has two attachment points (crura) within the labia minora).
Three parts: root, body and glans.

33
Q

Vestibule

A

Between labia minora.

Contains vaginal orifice, opening of urethra, opening of excretory ducts of vestibular glands.

34
Q

Vestibular Glands

A 
Greater vestibular (Bartholin's gland) on each side, bulbourethral gland in male. Lubrication during intercourse. 
Lesser vestibular (Skene's or paraurethral gland): between urethral and vaginal orifices. Prostate in male.
35
Q

Vestibular Bulb

A

Pair of subcutaneous erectile tissue.

36
Q

Blood Supply - External Genitals

A

Internal pudendal arteries.
Innervation:
- Anterior labial nerves: mons pubis and anterior labia.
- Pudenal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh: Posterior aspect of vulva.
- Dorsal nerve of clitoris: clitoris.

37
Q

Vagina

A

Fibromuscular tube, extends postero-superiorly from the vulva to the uterus.
Standing: 45° angle with uterus
Lying: 60° angle
Upper ending surrounds cervix, two domes anterior and posterior.
Roles: intercourse, childbirth, menstruation.

38
Q

Anatomical Relations - Vagina

A

Anterior: Bladder and urethra.
Posterior: Rectouterine pouch, rectum and anal canal.
Lateral: Ureters and levator ani muscles.

39
Q

Blood Supply - Vagina

A

Arterial: uterine and vaginal arteries.
Venous: vaginal venous plexus drains into internal iliac veins.
Innervation: Autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves from uterovaginal nerve plexus.

40
Q

Cervix

A

Lower portion of uterus. Connects vagina with uterus.
2 regions:
- Ectocervix: projects into vagina.
- Endocervical canal: inner part of cervix.
Facilitates passage of sperm into uterine cavity.
Maintains sterility of upper reproductive tract.

41
Q

Blood Supply - Cervix

A

Arterial: uterine artery
Venous: plexus in broad ligament that drains into uterine veins.
Innervation: uterovaginal plexus.

42
Q

Uterus

A 
Womb
8 cm muscular organ, expands for a growing fetus.
Connects distally to vagina and laterally to fallopian tubes.
4 parts: 
- Fundus: top of uterus.
- Body: implantation of blastocyst
- Isthmus: connects body and cervix.
- Cervix: lower part of uterus
43
Q

Anatomical Position - Uterus

A

Varies with distension of bladder.
Anteverted (most common): in respects to vagina: rotated forward, towards anterior surface of body.
Anteflexed: in respects to cervix, flexed, towards anterior surface of body. (fertility problems)
Normally posterosuperior to bladder, anterior to rectum.

44
Q

Ligaments of the Uterus

A

Keep uterus in place.

  • Broad ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Ovarian ligament
  • Cardinal ligament
  • Uterosacral ligament
45
Q

Broad Ligament

A

Double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of uterus to pelvis.

46
Q

Round Ligament

A

Extending from uterine horns to labia majora to maintain anteverted position of uterus.

47
Q

Ovarian Ligament

A

Joins ovaries to uterus.

48
Q

Cardinal Ligament

A

At the base of broad ligament, extends from cervix to lateral pelvic walls. Contains uterine artery as well as supporting uterus.

49
Q

Uterosacral Ligament

A

Extends from cervix to sacrum. Provides support.

50
Q

Blood Supply - Uterus

A

Arterial: uterine artery
Venous: via a plexus in the broad ligament that drains into uterine veins.

51
Q

Innervation - Uterus

A

Sympathetic nerve: uterovaginal plexus.
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4).
Afferent fibers: inferior hypogastric plexus.

52
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

In upper border of broad ligament, from uterus to near ovaries.
transport of ovum from the ovary, to uterus.
4 parts:
- Fimbriae: ciliated projections that capture ovum from surface of ovary.
- Infundibulum:
- Ampulla: Fertilization happens here.
- Isthmus:

53
Q

Blood Supply - Fallopian Tubes

A

Arterial: uterine and ovarian arteries.
Venous: uterine and ovarian veins.

54
Q

Innervation - Fallopian Tubes

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation: ovarian and uterine plexuses.
Sensory afferent fibers run from T11-L1.

55
Q

Ovaries

A

Female gonads, attached to posterior surface of broad ligament.
Functions:
- Produce oocytes in preparation for fertilization.
- Produce estrogen and progesterone, in response to LH and FSH.

56
Q

Ovaries - Ligaments

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary: fold of peritoneum extending from mesovarium to the pelvic wall.
Ligament of ovary: Extends from ovary to fundus of uterus and continues to the connective tissue of labium majus as the round ligament of uterus.

57
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase

58
Q

Ovaries - Blood Supply

A

Arterial: paired ovarian arteries, uterine arteries.
Venous: Paired ovarian veins. Left drains into left renal vein, right drains into inferior vena cava.

59
Q

Ovaries - Innervation

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic: ovarian and uterine plexuses.
Nerves reach ovaries via suspensory ligament of the ovary.

60
Q

Ovaries - Innervation

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic: ovarian and uterine plexuses.
Nerves reach ovaries via suspensory ligament of the ovary.

Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions