Digestive System Anatomy

Question 1

Abdominal Region

Answer 1

• Right Hypochondriac Region (Top)
• Epigastric Region (Top)
• Left Hypochondriac Region (Top)
• Right Lumbar Region (Middle)
• Umbilical Region (Middle)
• Left Lumbar Region (Middle)
• Right Iliac Region (Bottom)
• Hypogastric Region (Bottom)
• Left iliac Region (Bottom)

Question 2

Right Hypochondrium

Answer 2

Liver and gall bladder, (kidney) and adrenal gland, colon (hepatic flexure).

Question 3

Epigastrium

Answer 3

Liver, (transverse colon), Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava.

Question 4

Left Hypochondria

Answer 4

Stomach, Spleen, (kidney), and adrenal gland, colon (splenic flexture).

Question 5

Right Lumbar

Answer 5

Kidney
Colon (ascending)
Small intestine

Question 6

Umbilical

Answer 6

(transverse colon), duodenum and pancreas, small intestine, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac vessels.

Question 7

Left Lumbar

Answer 7

Kidney, Colon (descending), Pancreas, small intestine.

Question 8

Right Iliac

Answer 8

Caecum
Appendix
Small intestine

Question 9

Hypogastric

Answer 9

Distensible organs of pelvis, small intestine , iliac vessels, spermatic cords.

Question 10

Left Iliac

Answer 10

Sigmoid colon

Small intestine

Question 11

Abdominal Quadrants

Answer 11

• Right upper
• Left upper
• Right lower
• Left lower

Question 12

Right Upper Quadrant

Answer 12

Liver
Gall Bladder
Colon: Hepatic flexure and transverse
Kidney and adrenal gland
Duodenum with head of pancreas
Small intestine

Question 13

Left Upper Quadrant

Answer 13

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidney and adrenal gland
Colon: Splenic Flexure and transverse
Small intestine (jejunum)

Question 14

Left Lower Quadrant

Answer 14

Colon descending
Colon: Sigmoid
Small intestine

Question 15

What are the two main groups of the organs of the digestive system?

Answer 15

• Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract)

- Accessory digestive organs

Question 16

Alimentary Canal (gastrointestinal tract)

Answer 16

• Continuous, muscular digestive tube that winds through the body.
• Digest food, breaks it in smaller fragments and absorbs the digested fragments through its lining into the blood.
• Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Question 17

Accessory Digestive Organs

Answer 17

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

Question 18

The Mouth (oral cavity/buccal)

Answer 18

Anterior opening: Oral orifice
Posterior opening: Oral cavity is continuous with the oropharynx.
Only part of the alimentary canal involved in ingestion.

Question 19

Boundaries of the Mouth

Answer 19

Anterior: Lips
Lateral: Cheeks
Superior: Palate
Inferior: Tongue

Question 20

The Palate (Mouth)

Answer 20

Anterior: Hard palate - Forms a rigid surface against which the tongue forces food during chewing.
Posterior: Soft palate - Mostly skeletal muscle that rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow (Avoiding food getting in the respiratory system).

Question 21

The Tongue (Mouth)

Answer 21

Composed of interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle fibers. Intrinsic muscles not attached to bones.
Constantly repositioning food between the teeth while chewing.

Question 22

Salivary Glands (Mouth)

Answer 22

Secrete saliva.

• Cleans the mouth (immune aspect)
• Dissolves food chemicals
• Moistens food and aids in compacting it into bolus.
• Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods.

Question 23

The Teeth (Mouth)

Answer 23

Lie in sockets (alveoli) in the gum-covered margins of the mandible and maxilla.
Teeth tear and grind the food, breaking it down into smaller fragments.

Question 24

The Pharynx

Answer 24

• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
• Nasopharynx
  Common passage for foods, fluids and air.

Question 25

The Peritoneum

Answer 25

Serous membrane which lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and lies on abdominal and pelvic organs (serous fluid) Two layers: parietal and visceral, between them the peritoneal cavity. Supports and protects the abdominopelvic organs.

Question 26

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 26

Lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall.

Question 27

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 27

Invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera. Covering the organs.

Question 28

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 28

Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. Contains a small amount of lubricating fluid (50ml normal). Can be divided into: - Greater peritoneal sacs - Lesser peritoneal sacs or omental bursa

Question 29

Mesentery

Answer 29

Peritoneal folds that suspend organs from the posterior abdominal wall (extends from abdominal wall, wraps around the organ and extends back to the wall). Double layers of peritoneum.

Question 30

What is the name of the mesentery of the small intestines?

Answer 30

Mesentery | Other parts have specific names: transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix.

Question 31

Lesser Peritoneal Sacs (omental bursa) Location and Function

Answer 31

Lies posteriorly to the stomach and liver, anteriorly to the pancreas and duodenum. Function: Space for stomach movements.

Question 32

Greater Peritoneal Sacs Location and Compartments

Answer 32

Extends from diaphragm to the pelvic cavity. divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by transverse mesocolon. Connected by the paracolic gutters.

Question 33

Supracolic Compartment of the Greater Peritoneal Sacs

Answer 33

Stomach Liver Spleen

Question 34

Infracolic Compartment of the Greater Peritoneal Sacs

Answer 34

Small intestine Ascending colon Descending colon

Question 35

Omenta (Peritoneal Cavity)

Answer 35

Sheets of visceral peritoneum which have fused. Extends from the stomach and duodenum to other abdominal organs. - Greater Omentum - Lesser Omentum Divide the abdominal cavity in greater and lesser sacs.

Question 36

Greater Omentum

Answer 36

Descends from the greater curvature of stomach and posterior part of duodenum and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.

Question 37

Lesser Omentum

Answer 37

Attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

Question 38

How does the lesser sac communicate with the grater sac?

Answer 38

Via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen) | Found posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum.

Question 39

Intraperitoneal Organs

Answer 39

Enveloped by visceral peritoneum. - Stomach - Liver - Spleen - Gallbladder - Superior part of duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum - Transverse and sigmoid colon - Superior rectum

Question 40

Retroperitoneal Organs

Answer 40

``` Only covered in parietal peritoneum. Peritoneum only covers anterior surface. - Suprarenal (adrenal) glands - Aorta/IVC - Duodenum (except cap) - Pancreas (except tail) - Ureters - Colon (ascending and descending) - Kidneys - Esophagus - Rectum SAD PUCKER ```