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Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 > Digestive System Anatomy > Flashcards

Digestive System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Region

A
  • Right Hypochondriac Region (Top)
  • Epigastric Region (Top)
  • Left Hypochondriac Region (Top)
  • Right Lumbar Region (Middle)
  • Umbilical Region (Middle)
  • Left Lumbar Region (Middle)
  • Right Iliac Region (Bottom)
  • Hypogastric Region (Bottom)
  • Left iliac Region (Bottom)
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2
Q

Right Hypochondrium

A

Liver and gall bladder, (kidney) and adrenal gland, colon (hepatic flexure).

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3
Q

Epigastrium

A

Liver, (transverse colon), Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava.

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4
Q

Left Hypochondria

A

Stomach, Spleen, (kidney), and adrenal gland, colon (splenic flexture).

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5
Q

Right Lumbar

A

Kidney
Colon (ascending)
Small intestine

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6
Q

Umbilical

A

(transverse colon), duodenum and pancreas, small intestine, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac vessels.

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7
Q

Left Lumbar

A

Kidney, Colon (descending), Pancreas, small intestine.

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8
Q

Right Iliac

A

Caecum
Appendix
Small intestine

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9
Q

Hypogastric

A

Distensible organs of pelvis, small intestine , iliac vessels, spermatic cords.

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10
Q

Left Iliac

A

Sigmoid colon

Small intestine

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11
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A
  • Right upper
  • Left upper
  • Right lower
  • Left lower
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12
Q

Right Upper Quadrant

A 
Liver
Gall Bladder
Colon: Hepatic flexure and transverse
Kidney and adrenal gland
Duodenum with head of pancreas
Small intestine
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13
Q

Left Upper Quadrant

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidney and adrenal gland
Colon: Splenic Flexure and transverse
Small intestine (jejunum)
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14
Q

Left Lower Quadrant

A

Colon descending
Colon: Sigmoid
Small intestine

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15
Q

What are the two main groups of the organs of the digestive system?

A
  • Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract)

- Accessory digestive organs

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16
Q

Alimentary Canal (gastrointestinal tract)

A
  • Continuous, muscular digestive tube that winds through the body.
  • Digest food, breaks it in smaller fragments and absorbs the digested fragments through its lining into the blood.
  • Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
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17
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

18
Q

The Mouth (oral cavity/buccal)

A

Anterior opening: Oral orifice
Posterior opening: Oral cavity is continuous with the oropharynx.
Only part of the alimentary canal involved in ingestion.

19
Q

Boundaries of the Mouth

A

Anterior: Lips
Lateral: Cheeks
Superior: Palate
Inferior: Tongue

20
Q

The Palate (Mouth)

A

Anterior: Hard palate - Forms a rigid surface against which the tongue forces food during chewing.
Posterior: Soft palate - Mostly skeletal muscle that rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow (Avoiding food getting in the respiratory system).

21
Q

The Tongue (Mouth)

A

Composed of interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle fibers. Intrinsic muscles not attached to bones.
Constantly repositioning food between the teeth while chewing.

22
Q

Salivary Glands (Mouth)

A

Secrete saliva.

  • Cleans the mouth (immune aspect)
  • Dissolves food chemicals
  • Moistens food and aids in compacting it into bolus.
  • Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods.
23
Q

The Teeth (Mouth)

A

Lie in sockets (alveoli) in the gum-covered margins of the mandible and maxilla.
Teeth tear and grind the food, breaking it down into smaller fragments.

24
Q

The Pharynx

A
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Nasopharynx
    Common passage for foods, fluids and air.
25
Q

The Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane which lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and lies on abdominal and pelvic organs (serous fluid)
Two layers: parietal and visceral, between them the peritoneal cavity.
Supports and protects the abdominopelvic organs.

26
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall.

27
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera. Covering the organs.

28
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.
Contains a small amount of lubricating fluid (50ml normal).
Can be divided into:
- Greater peritoneal sacs
- Lesser peritoneal sacs or omental bursa

29
Q

Mesentery

A

Peritoneal folds that suspend organs from the posterior abdominal wall (extends from abdominal wall, wraps around the organ and extends back to the wall).
Double layers of peritoneum.

30
Q

What is the name of the mesentery of the small intestines?

A

Mesentery

Other parts have specific names: transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix.

31
Q

Lesser Peritoneal Sacs (omental bursa) Location and Function

A

Lies posteriorly to the stomach and liver, anteriorly to the pancreas and duodenum.
Function: Space for stomach movements.

32
Q

Greater Peritoneal Sacs Location and Compartments

A

Extends from diaphragm to the pelvic cavity.
divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by transverse mesocolon.
Connected by the paracolic gutters.

33
Q

Supracolic Compartment of the Greater Peritoneal Sacs

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

34
Q

Infracolic Compartment of the Greater Peritoneal Sacs

A

Small intestine
Ascending colon
Descending colon

35
Q

Omenta (Peritoneal Cavity)

A

Sheets of visceral peritoneum which have fused.
Extends from the stomach and duodenum to other abdominal organs.
- Greater Omentum
- Lesser Omentum
Divide the abdominal cavity in greater and lesser sacs.

36
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Descends from the greater curvature of stomach and posterior part of duodenum and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.

37
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

38
Q

How does the lesser sac communicate with the grater sac?

A

Via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen)

Found posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum.

39
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs

A

Enveloped by visceral peritoneum.

  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Gallbladder
  • Superior part of duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Transverse and sigmoid colon
  • Superior rectum
40
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A 
Only covered in parietal peritoneum. Peritoneum only covers anterior surface. 
- Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
- Aorta/IVC
- Duodenum (except cap)
- Pancreas (except tail)
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending and descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus
- Rectum 
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Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 (34 decks)

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