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Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 > Immune System Physiology - Q&A > Flashcards

Immune System Physiology - Q&A Flashcards

1
Q

Define innate immunity

A

Non-specific host defences that exist pior to exposure to an antigen

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2
Q 
Innate immunity involves all of the following except:
A Physical barriers
B Phagocytosis
C Inflammation
D Antibody production
A

D Antibody production

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3
Q

Name one physical barrier that prevent the entry of pathogens in our body.

A

Epidermis, gastric secretion, lysozyme, host microbiome, mucous membranes…

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4
Q

What cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?

A

NK cells

Natural killer cells

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5
Q

Name one cell type with phagocytic activity

A

Macrophage

Neutrophil

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6
Q 
Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?
A B cells
B T cells
C macrophages
D plasma cells
A

C macrophages

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7
Q

What are the four steps/phases of an inflammatory reaction?

A

Recognition, Recruitment, Removal, Resolution

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8
Q 
Patten recognition receptors PRR can:
A bind to conserved features of invading microbes
B recognize injured cells of the host
C mediate the synthesis of cytokines
D mediate phagocytosis
E all of the above
A

E all of the above

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9
Q 
Acute inflammation characteristically involves:
A Constriction of arterioles.
B Enlargement of endothelial cell
C The formation of scar tissue
D Influx of neutrophils.
A

D Influx of neutrophils.

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10
Q

What are the effect of acute inflammation on the surrounding blood vessels?

A

Increased permeability of capillaries, activation of endothelial cells, vasodilatation

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11
Q

What are the characteristic signs of inflammation?

A

Pain, redness, swelling, heat

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12
Q 
Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?
A increased vascular permeability
B anaphylactic shock
C increased blood flow
D recruitment of neutrophils
A

C increased blood flow

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13
Q 
The movement of phagocytes in the direction of an infection, due to attraction by complement, chemicals released by microorganisms, and the remnants of damaged cell membranes is a process called:
A phagocytosis.
B chemotaxis.
C adherence.
D tolerance
A

B chemotaxis.

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14
Q

Name one function of the complement system

A

Opsonisation, increase inflammation, cell lysis

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE with regard to complement?
A It damages plasma membranes of foreign cells.
B It is involved in the development of inflammation.
C It can bind to the surface of microbes and promote phagocytosis.
D It is an immune process that is specific to the invading microbe.
E It is a cascade pathway

A

It is an immune process that is specific to the invading microbe.

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16
Q

All of the following are true regarding inflammation EXCEPT:
A The same sequence of events occurs in response to any injury, whether it be a burn, an infection, or trauma.
B The signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, heat, and possibly loss of function.
C Cytokines, histamine, complement and other chemical mediators are released.
D Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation.
E The purpose of inflammation is to remove foreign invaders and heal the damaged tissue

A

D Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation.

17
Q

Which process stimulate macrophages to develop a anti-inflammatory phenotype?

A

Efferocytosis

18
Q

What are the phases of tissue healing?

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Inflammation
  3. Repair
  4. Remodeling
19
Q

What is the name of muscle stem cells?

A

Satellite cells

20
Q

Name at least one feature of the adaptive immune response.

A

Memory
Slow response
Specificity
Self-recognition

21
Q

Which cells are involved specifically in adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes B and T

22
Q 
The majority of antigens are: 
A Proteins
B Carbohydrates
C Nucleic acids
D Lipids
A

A Proteins

23
Q

Define clonal expansion

A

Lymphocytes that are able to recognize the antigen undergo rapid mitotic division.

24
Q 
Why is clonal expansion so important?
A to select for specific cells
B to secrete cytokines
C to kill target cells
D to increase the numbers of specific cells
A

D to increase the numbers of specific cells

25
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

Produce and secrete antibodies

26
Q

How do antibodies help clearing antigens?

A

Neutralization
Agglutination
Opsonization

27
Q 
Foreign antigens phagocytosed by dendritic cells are presented by:
A class I MHC molecules to cytotoxic T cells.
B class II MHC molecules to helper T cells.
C class I MHC molecules to helper T cells.
D class II MHC molecules to cytotoxic T cells.
A

B class II MHC molecules to helper T cells.

28
Q

Which type of T cell lyses cells that have been infected with viruses?

A

cytotoxic T cells

29
Q

Memory cells:
A produce chemokines
B are responsible for passive immunity
C prevent an animal from encountering certain antigens
D provide an accelerated immune response upon second exposure to a particular antigen

A

D provide an accelerated immune response upon second exposure to a particular antigen

30
Q 
Which of the following is not a mechanism by which diversity is generated for antibody synthesis?
A VDJ recombination
B Somatic hypermutation
C Clonal expansion
D Combination of heavy and light chain
A

C Clonal expansion

31
Q

What is the biological interest in having VDJ recombination?

A

Creation of a multitude of receptors from a limited amount of genes, giving the possibility to recognize
virtually any antigen.

32
Q

What is positive selection in the development of thymocytes?

A

T cells recognizing MHC molecules receive survival signals.

33
Q

In T-cell development, negative selection is an important process for:
A killing self-reacting thymocytes
B killing thymocytes not recognizing self-MCH proteins
C killing thymocytes that didn’t rearranged correctly their TCR
D killing mature T-cells that recognize self antigens after they left the thymus

A

A killing self-reacting thymocytes

34
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

35
Q

Define self-tolerance.

A

Unresponsiveness of the immune system to self-antigens

36
Q 
Loss of self-tolerance can lead to:
A Immune deficiency
B Allergies
C Cancer
D Autoimmune disease
A

D Autoimmune disease

37
Q 
Which of the following class of pathogens consists of only unicellular organisms?
A Viruses
B Bacteria
C Fungi
D Parasites
A

B Bacteria

38
Q 
Which of the following are intracellular pathogens?
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
A

Viruses

39
Q

Name the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

Organ System Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology - BPT06 (34 decks)

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