Introduction to Pathology Flashcards
Pathology Definition
Defined as the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by a disease.
Clinical Pathology
Refers to pathology applied to the solutions of clinical problems. Use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis.
Pathogenesis
Development of unhealthy conditions or disease or more precisely, the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms that occur in the development of disease.
Pathology for PT
Clinical pathology has a different meaning regarding the effects of pathology processes (disease) on the individuals functional abilities and limitations.
Relationship between impairment and functional limitation is a key focus in therapy!!
Medical Screening
Method for detecting disease or body dysfunction before an individual would normally seek medical care. Tests are normally administered to individuals who do not have symptoms but with high risks.
Screening for Referral
Determining weather the individual has a condition that can be addressed by the physical therapist‘s intervention and if not, weather the condition requires evaluation by a medical doctor or a medical specialists.
Questions to Ask the Patient
- Past medical history
- Personal and family history
- Risk factor assessment
- Clinical presentation
- Associated signs and symptoms of systemic diseases
- Review of systems
Symptoms
Subjective experience of a potential health issue, which cannot be observed by a doctor.
- Remitting symptoms: symptoms improve or resolve completely - flue.
- Chronic symptoms: long-lasting or recurrent symptoms - diabetes, asthma.
- Relapsing symptoms: have occurred in the past, resolved, and then returned - depression.
Signs
Health issue that can be observed. Physical response linked to a medical fact or characteristic that is detected by a physician, nurse, or medical device during the examination of a patient.
They can often be measured, and this measurement can be central to diagnosing a medical problem.
Example: high blood pressure.
Signs - Categories
- Prognostic signs: Signs that point to the future of the patient.
- Anamnestic signs: Point to parts of a person’s medical history. Acne scarring.
- Diagnostic signs: Help the doctor recognize and identify a current health problem.
- Pathognomonic signs: A doctor can link a sign to a condition with full certainty. Presence of a certain microbe in a blood sample can point to a specific viral infection
Pain Pattern - Vascular
Throbbing
Pounding
Pulsing
Beating
Pain Pattern - Neurogenic
Sharp Crushing Pinching Burning Searing Itching Stinging Shooting Electrical
Pain Pattern - Musculoskeletal
Aching Sore Heavy Hurting Deep Cramping Dull
Pain Pattern - Emotional
Tiring Miserable Vicious Agonizing Nauseating Frightful Dreadful Exhausting Killing Unbearable ... Annoying
