Male Reproductive System

Question 1

External Genital Organs

Answer 1

Penis

Scrotum

Question 2

Internal Genital Organs

Answer 2

Testes
Epididymites 
Ductus deferentes
Seminal glands
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostate
Bulbo-urethral (Cowper glands)

Question 3

Penis

Answer 3

Long shaft, tip called the glans, foreskin called prepuce.

Contains spongy tissue that becomes turgid and erect when filled with blood.

Question 4

Erectile Tissue

Answer 4

Corpus Spongiosum: covered by tunica albuginea, continuous with cavernosa and traversed by urethra.
Cylindrical and extends into glans penis.

Corpora Cavernosa: most of shaft, enveloped by tunica albuginea and contains most of blood in penis.

Question 5

Penis - Ligaments

Answer 5

Suspensory ligament of penis: fundiform and triangular ligaments.

Question 6

Scrotum

Answer 6

Protects testes and spermatic cords, keeps testes at 2-4°C lower than body temp.
Dartos muscle: wrinkles
Cremaster muscle: pulls scrotum closer to body for a higher temp.
Right and left components separated by a midline ridge: the raphe.

Question 7

Penis - Blood Supply

Answer 7

Artery to the bulb
Deep artery of the penis
Dorsal artery of the penis
Drained by: 
Mainly deep dorsal vein. Return blood to internal pudenal veins.

Question 8

Penis - Innervation

Answer 8

Pudendal nerves
Perineal nerves
Posterior scrotal and dorsal nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 and S3)

Question 9

Scrotum - Blood Supply

Answer 9

Superficial and deep external pudendal arteries.

Venous drainage: external pudendal veins.

Question 10

Scrotum - Innervation

Answer 10

Iliolingual nerve (L1)
Scrotal branches of perineal nerve (S3)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S2)

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

Produce sperm and testosterone, lies within scrotum.
Left slightly lower than right.
Tightly coiled: seminiferous tubules with adjacent Leydig cells.
Sperm move from rete testis to epididymis.
Tunica albuginea covering testes.

Question 12

Testes - Blood Supply

Answer 12

Testicular arteries.

Venous drainage: Pampiniform plexus

Question 13

Testes - Innervation

Answer 13

Sympathetic nerves

Question 14

Epididymis

Answer 14

Attached to posterolateral surface of the testis.
7 meters long tube, packed together by fibrous tissue.
Site of maturation and storage of spermatozoa.
Divided into 3 parts: head (directly connected to testicles), body and tail.

Question 15

Epididymis - Blood Supply

Answer 15

Branches of testicular artery.

Venous return: pampiniform plexus

Question 16

Epididymis - Innervation

Answer 16

Sympathetic nerves form the coeliac ganglion.

Question 17

Ductus Deferens

Answer 17

Direct continuation of epididymis.
Thick muscular wall, minimal lumen.
Forms primary component of spermatic cord.
Terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form ejaculatory duct.

Question 18

Seminal Gland

Answer 18

5 cm long. Lies between fundus of bladder and rectum.
secrete a thick alkaline fluid with fructose and coagulating agent that mixes with sperm.
Joins ductus deferens to form ejaculary duct.

Question 19

Seminal Glands - Blood Supply

Answer 19

Inferior vesicle and middle rectal arteries.

Venous drainage: inferior vesicle and middle rectal veins.

Question 20

Ejaculatory Ducts

Answer 20

From union of ductus deferens and seminal duct.

Pierce the prostate and empty into urethra that runs through prostate gland.

Question 21

Ejaculatory Ducts - Blood Supply

Answer 21

Superior and/or inferior vesical arteries.

Venous drainage: vena comitans.

Question 22

Prostate

Answer 22

Largest accessory gland.

Secrete proteolytic enzymes into semen via prostatic ducts, break down clotting factors, allow semen to remain fluid.

Question 23

Prostate - Size and Zones

Answer 23

Size of walnut, 2/3 glandular, 1/3 fibromuscular.
Central Zone: surrounds ejaculatory ducts, 25% of volume.
Transitional Zone: surrounds urethra, 5-10% of volume.
Peripheral Zone: posterior. Posterior. Main body of gland. 65%.
Fibromuscular Stroma: anterior.

Question 24

Prostate - Blood Supply & Innervation

Answer 24

Branches of internal iliac artery.
Venous drainage: prostatic venous plexus drains into internal iliac veins.

Innervation: Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 25

Bulbo-Urethral Glands (Cowper Glands)

Answer 25

Third accessory gland.
Empty directly into urethra.
Secrete lubricant on glans penis when penis is erect.

Question 26

Bulbo-Urethral Glands (Cowper Glands) - Blood Supply

Answer 26

Bulbo-urethral artery