Urinary System Physiology - Q&A

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A removal of waste products from the bloodstream
B storage and excretion of urine
C regulation of leukocyte and platelet production
D regulation of blood volume and, indirectly, blood pressure

Answer 1

C regulation of leukocyte and platelet production

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

Name the different potion of the nephron in the correct order

Answer 3

Renal corpuscule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 4

What potion of the nephron extends into the medulla?

Answer 4

loop of Henle

Question 5

What pressure is the main dive for glomerular filtration?

Answer 5

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

TRUE/FALSE - When the mean arterial pressure increase, the glomerular filtration rate tends to increase as well.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Name one mechanism that keep glomerular filtration rate constant.

Answer 7

Myogenic regulation
Tubuloglomeular feedback
Mesangial cells contraction

Question 8

The three interrelated processes of urine formation are:
A filtration, secretion, and excretion
B secretion, reabsorption, and urination
C excretion, storage, and urination
D filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Answer 8

D filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 9

What potion of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Answer 9

ascending limb of nephron loop

Question 10

In what pat of the nephron the majority of reabsorption takes place?

Answer 10

proximal convoluted tubule

proximal tubule

Question 11

If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct:
A you would develop systemic edema
B you would retain an excess of sodium
C you would lose vitamins and electrolytes
D you would suffer severe dehydration

Answer 11

D you would suffer severe dehydration

Question 12

A substance S is freely filterable and is excreted at a rate (in moles/min) that is lower than the filtered load. On the basis of this information alone, which of the following is the most precise conclusion that can justifiably be drawn regarding the kidneys’ processing of S?
A S is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
B S is definitely reabsorbed and may be secreted.
C S is definitely secreted and may be reabsorbed
D S is definitely both reabsorbed and secreted.

Answer 12

B S is definitely reabsorbed and may be secreted

Question 13

Define excretion.

Answer 13

It refers to the elimination of solute and water from the body
Amount excreted = amount filtered + amount secreted – amount reabsorbed

Question 14

Explain how kidneys can contribute to the acid-base balance.

Answer 14

By modulating H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption.