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Urinary System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney filters fluid from blood eliminating what?

A

Nitrogen wastes, toxins, drugs, and returns needed substances to the blood stream.

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2
Q

The kidney produces rennin to help regulate

A

Blood pressure

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3
Q

The kidney produces erythropoietin to

A

Make RBC’s in bone marrow

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4
Q

What shape are the kidneys?

A

Bean

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5
Q

How big are the kidneys?

A

5 inches X 3 inches

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6
Q

How much do the kidneys weigh?

A

5 oz.

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7
Q

Which kidney is slightly lower?

A

Right kidney

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8
Q

Hilus is the intended regions where what enter and exit?

A

Ureters, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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9
Q

What is the outer layer of the kidney?

A

Cortex

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10
Q

What is the middle layer of the kidney?

A

Medulla

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11
Q

What is the inner layer of the kidney? (Continuous with ureters)

A

Pelvis

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12
Q

Kidneys filter about how much of your blood volume each minute?

A

1/4 (1200 ml)

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13
Q

How often do they filter?

A

24/7

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14
Q

How many kidneys do you need to perform all functions?

A

One

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15
Q

The structural and functional units of the kidneys (filters)

A

Nephrons

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16
Q

How many nephrons per kidney?

A

More than one million

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17
Q

Nephrons consist of:

A

Glomerulus, renal tubule, Bowman’s capsule, PCT (proximal tubule), Henle loop, DCT (distal tubule), and collecting tubule duct

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18
Q

All substances are filtered except

A

Blood cells and proteins

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19
Q

Fed and drained by arterioles

A

Glomerulus

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20
Q

Afferent

A

In

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21
Q

Efferent

A

Out

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22
Q

Agreeing is larger than efferent and BP forces fluid and solutes out of the blood into the what?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

Kidney processes how much daily?

A

180L

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24
Q

How much leaves as urine?

A

1%

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25
The rest of fluid is returned to where?
The blood stream
26
What are the functions of nephrons?
Filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
27
Fluids and solutes (smaller than 7 mm) are forced out of the capillaries and into capsule.
Filtration
28
Water, nutrients, and needed ions are reabsorbed leaving the urine with mostly metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.
Tubular reabsorption
29
Some substances are added to the filtrate from blood such as drugs, urea, and excess ions such as sodium.
Tubular secretion
30
Fresh urine is
Clear, pale yellow to deep yellow (depending on concentration).
31
Other urinary colors result from
Drugs, food, and vitamins
32
Turbid (cloudy) urine results from
Mucus from uterine tract or from infection
33
The odor of urine is aromatic if
Fresh
34
The odor of urine is ammonia of old due to
Bacteria
35
The pH of urine is
6.0 slightly acidic
36
Urine is made up of:
95% water and 5% solutes
37
Substances not normally in urine:
Glucose, RBC's plasma proteins, pus, hemoglobin, bile, bacteria
38
Two slender tubes that move urine from kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
39
The ureters may get
Renal calculi (stones) crystallized calcium, magnesium, or Uris acid salts.
40
Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac
Bladder
41
Stores urine
Bladder
42
The bladder has two inlets and one outlets called
The trigone
43
What 4 organs are in the urinary system?
Paired kidneys, paired ureters, bladder, and urethra
44
When empty the bladder
Collapses
45
The bladder expands as it fills and rises
Superiorly
46
The bladder can hold how much?
500 mL ; but can double if necessary
47
Muscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to body exterior
Urethra
48
The urethra has two what?
Sphincter muscles (1 involuntary and 1 voluntary)
49
How long is the female urethra?
3-4 cm
50
How long is the male urethra?
20 cm
51
The male urethra moves what?
Both urine and sperm
52
Why do females have more bacterial infections?
Because of the short size of the urethra and bacteria can enter the bladder more easily
53
The act of emptying the bladder
Micturition
54
After 200 mL has collected in the bladder what happens?
Stretch receptors cause the bladder to contract and force urine out
55
When the bladder is unable to expel urine
Urinary retention
56
Urinary retention can be caused by
Anesthesia, enlarged prostate gland in males, many drugs, and obstruction in the urethra
57
Inability to control urination voluntarily
Incontinence
58
What causes incontinence?
Pressure during pregnancy, emotional problems, nervous system problems, or loss of bladder tone
59
Toxic level of urea in the blood resulting from kidney malfunction
Uremia
60
How can uremia be detected?
By a blood test
61
Inflammation of the bladder usually due to an infection
Cystitis
62
Inflammation of the nephron due to infection in the kidney. Can be due to stagnate urine or obstruction.
Nephritis
63
If glomeruli are damaged what can happen?
Larger substances can leak into urine such as RBC's and proteins
64
When a patient's blood is passed through a selectively permeable membrane tubing. Also called renal or kidney dialysis.
Hemodialysis
65
Dialysis fluid passed on other side causing what?
Wastes to diffuse out of blood and into this fluid.
66
Blood is returned to the patient and wastes are...
Discarded
67
Dialysis has to be repeated how often?
2-3 times per week

Anatomy (19 decks)

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