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Anatomy > Urinary System Quiz > Flashcards

Urinary System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney filters fluid from blood eliminating what?

A

Nitrogen wastes, toxins, drugs, and returns needed substances to the blood stream.

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2
Q

The kidney produces rennin to help regulate

A

Blood pressure

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3
Q

The kidney produces erythropoietin to

A

Make RBC’s in bone marrow

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4
Q

What shape are the kidneys?

A

Bean

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5
Q

How big are the kidneys?

A

5 inches X 3 inches

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6
Q

How much do the kidneys weigh?

A

5 oz.

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7
Q

Which kidney is slightly lower?

A

Right kidney

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8
Q

Hilus is the intended regions where what enter and exit?

A

Ureters, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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9
Q

What is the outer layer of the kidney?

A

Cortex

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10
Q

What is the middle layer of the kidney?

A

Medulla

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11
Q

What is the inner layer of the kidney? (Continuous with ureters)

A

Pelvis

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12
Q

Kidneys filter about how much of your blood volume each minute?

A

1/4 (1200 ml)

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13
Q

How often do they filter?

A

24/7

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14
Q

How many kidneys do you need to perform all functions?

A

One

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15
Q

The structural and functional units of the kidneys (filters)

A

Nephrons

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16
Q

How many nephrons per kidney?

A

More than one million

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17
Q

Nephrons consist of:

A

Glomerulus, renal tubule, Bowman’s capsule, PCT (proximal tubule), Henle loop, DCT (distal tubule), and collecting tubule duct

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18
Q

All substances are filtered except

A

Blood cells and proteins

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19
Q

Fed and drained by arterioles

A

Glomerulus

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20
Q

Afferent

A

In

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21
Q

Efferent

A

Out

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22
Q

Agreeing is larger than efferent and BP forces fluid and solutes out of the blood into the what?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

Kidney processes how much daily?

A

180L

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24
Q

How much leaves as urine?

A

1%

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25
Q

The rest of fluid is returned to where?

A

The blood stream

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26
Q

What are the functions of nephrons?

A

Filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

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27
Q

Fluids and solutes (smaller than 7 mm) are forced out of the capillaries and into capsule.

A

Filtration

28
Q

Water, nutrients, and needed ions are reabsorbed leaving the urine with mostly metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.

A

Tubular reabsorption

29
Q

Some substances are added to the filtrate from blood such as drugs, urea, and excess ions such as sodium.

A

Tubular secretion

30
Q

Fresh urine is

A

Clear, pale yellow to deep yellow (depending on concentration).

31
Q

Other urinary colors result from

A

Drugs, food, and vitamins

32
Q

Turbid (cloudy) urine results from

A

Mucus from uterine tract or from infection

33
Q

The odor of urine is aromatic if

A

Fresh

34
Q

The odor of urine is ammonia of old due to

A

Bacteria

35
Q

The pH of urine is

A

6.0 slightly acidic

36
Q

Urine is made up of:

A

95% water and 5% solutes

37
Q

Substances not normally in urine:

A

Glucose, RBC’s plasma proteins, pus, hemoglobin, bile, bacteria

38
Q

Two slender tubes that move urine from kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

39
Q

The ureters may get

A

Renal calculi (stones) crystallized calcium, magnesium, or Uris acid salts.

40
Q

Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac

A

Bladder

41
Q

Stores urine

A

Bladder

42
Q

The bladder has two inlets and one outlets called

A

The trigone

43
Q

What 4 organs are in the urinary system?

A

Paired kidneys, paired ureters, bladder, and urethra

44
Q

When empty the bladder

A

Collapses

45
Q

The bladder expands as it fills and rises

A

Superiorly

46
Q

The bladder can hold how much?

A

500 mL ; but can double if necessary

47
Q

Muscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to body exterior

A

Urethra

48
Q

The urethra has two what?

A

Sphincter muscles (1 involuntary and 1 voluntary)

49
Q

How long is the female urethra?

A

3-4 cm

50
Q

How long is the male urethra?

A

20 cm

51
Q

The male urethra moves what?

A

Both urine and sperm

52
Q

Why do females have more bacterial infections?

A

Because of the short size of the urethra and bacteria can enter the bladder more easily

53
Q

The act of emptying the bladder

A

Micturition

54
Q

After 200 mL has collected in the bladder what happens?

A

Stretch receptors cause the bladder to contract and force urine out

55
Q

When the bladder is unable to expel urine

A

Urinary retention

56
Q

Urinary retention can be caused by

A

Anesthesia, enlarged prostate gland in males, many drugs, and obstruction in the urethra

57
Q

Inability to control urination voluntarily

A

Incontinence

58
Q

What causes incontinence?

A

Pressure during pregnancy, emotional problems, nervous system problems, or loss of bladder tone

59
Q

Toxic level of urea in the blood resulting from kidney malfunction

A

Uremia

60
Q

How can uremia be detected?

A

By a blood test

61
Q

Inflammation of the bladder usually due to an infection

A

Cystitis

62
Q

Inflammation of the nephron due to infection in the kidney. Can be due to stagnate urine or obstruction.

A

Nephritis

63
Q

If glomeruli are damaged what can happen?

A

Larger substances can leak into urine such as RBC’s and proteins

64
Q

When a patient’s blood is passed through a selectively permeable membrane tubing. Also called renal or kidney dialysis.

A

Hemodialysis

65
Q

Dialysis fluid passed on other side causing what?

A

Wastes to diffuse out of blood and into this fluid.

66
Q

Blood is returned to the patient and wastes are…

A

Discarded

67
Q

Dialysis has to be repeated how often?

A

2-3 times per week

Anatomy (19 decks)

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