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Anatomy > Muscles test > Flashcards

Muscles test Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of muscles?

A

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

what are the three functions?

A

movement, posture maintenance, and heat generation

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3
Q

skeletal=

A

locomotion

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4
Q

cardiac=

A

propels blood

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5
Q

smooth=

A

propels substances through organs (urine, food, baby)

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6
Q

posture maintenance- enable us to maintain an ______ or ______ position despite gravity

A

erect

seated

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7
Q

what is heat generation?

A

by-product of muscle metabolism

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8
Q

how do muscles attach to bones?

A

indirectly or directly

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9
Q

muscles attach indirectly by ______

A

tendons

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10
Q

muscles attach directly by fusing to the _____ _________

A

bone periosteum

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11
Q

muscles are supplied with ______ ______ that control its activity

A

nerve endings

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12
Q

muscles are supplied with blood vessels to supply…?

A

oxygen, glucose and remove wastes

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13
Q

skeletal muscles are wrapped in ____ for ________

A

CT

support

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14
Q

each ______ muscle group is a discrete (separate) _______ made up of many muscle _______.

A

skeletal
organ
fibers

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15
Q

muscle tissue are attached to _____ and are under ______ control

A

bones

voluntary

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16
Q

skeletal muscle cells are ______ and ________.

A

cylindrical

multinucleate

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17
Q

what do skeletal muscles cells contain?

A

myoglobin and myofibrils

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18
Q

what is myoglobin?

A

O2 binding protein that stores oxygen in cells

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19
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

rod-like structures that can contract

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20
Q

for skeletal muscle structures, nearly the entire volume of the ____ is filled with numerous, ______ ________ (muscle fibers) that ______.

A

cell
long myofibrils
contract

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21
Q

what are sacromeres?

A

long myofibrils that contract

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22
Q

myofibrils have 2 types of _______ _______

A

filament

proteins

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23
Q

what are two types of filament proteins?

A

actin and myosin

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24
Q

actin =

A

thin filament

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25
Q

myosin=

A

thick filament

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26
Q

nerve stimulus causes:

A

myosin to attach to actin. actin then slices towards the middle center of the sacromeres and contraction occurs

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27
Q

location=

A

indicates bone or body region

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28
Q

what are the 5 shapes/sizes?

A

trapezius, deltoid, minimus, Maximus, longus

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29
Q

trapezuis=

A

trapezoid

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30
Q

deltoid=

A

triangular

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31
Q

minimus=

A

small

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32
Q

Maximus=

A

large

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33
Q

longus=

34
Q

number of attachments=

A

biceps (2), triceps (3)

35
Q

what are the 3 direction run of fibers?

A

rectus, transverse, and oblique

36
Q

muscles make up _____ of the body’s ______

37
Q

points of attachment =

A

origin is named first

38
Q

action=

A

flexor, extensor, adductor and abductor

39
Q

what are the 6 ways to name skeletal muscles?

A

location, shape/size, number of attachments, directional run of fibers, points of attachment and action

40
Q

flexor=

A

muscle serving to bend a body part (decrease angle)

41
Q

extensor=

A

extends a bodily part; straightens (increase angle)

42
Q

adductor=

A

move toward midline

43
Q

abductor=

A

move away from midline

44
Q

supination=

A

movement of forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly

45
Q

probation=

A

Palm is moved to a posterior facing

46
Q

circumduction=

A

angular movements performed in succession so that the limb makes a cone in space

47
Q

inversion=

A

sole of the foot is turned medially

48
Q

eversion=

A

sole of the foot faces laterally

49
Q

plantar flexion=

A

foot is pointed

50
Q

dorsi flexion=

A

foot is flexed

51
Q

site of attachment on a fixed bone is the ______.

52
Q

site on a bone that moves is the _________.

53
Q

muscle between the two attachments is called the _______.

54
Q

what are the muscles responsible for a particular movement? and what is the particular movement called?

A

agonist

prime mover

55
Q

what are the muscles that oppose or reverses this movement?

A

antagonist

56
Q

occipitalis=

A

draws scalp backward

57
Q

frontalis=

A

elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

58
Q

orbicularis oculi=

A

closes eyelids, squeezes lacrimal gland

59
Q

masseter=

A

jaw closure; clenched teeth, elevates mandible

60
Q

buccinator=

A

flattens cheek (whistling); chewing muscle

61
Q

orbicularis oris=

A

closes lips, purses lips (kissing muscle)

62
Q

platysma=

A

extends lower lip; wrinkles neck skin

63
Q

sternocleidomastoid=

A

flexes your neck; bows head (prayer muscle)

64
Q

what are the neck muscles?

A

platysma and sternocleidomastoid

65
Q

what are the two abdominal muscles?

A

rectus abdominis and external oblique

66
Q

rectus abdominis=

A

flexes vertebral column; compresses abdominal organs

67
Q

external oblique=

A

aids in flexing vertebral column, rotates trunk and bends it laterally

68
Q

pectoralis major=

A

prime mover of arm flexion

69
Q

trapezius=

A

raises shoulder; draws scapula back

70
Q

deltoid=

A

abduction of arm

71
Q

latissimus dorsi=

A

extends and adducts the humerous

72
Q

biceps brachii=

A

flexion of forearm; supination

73
Q

triceps brachii=

A

elbow extension, boxer’s muscle

74
Q

brachioardialis=

A

flexion of forearm

75
Q

flexor carpi muscles=

A

flexes wrist

76
Q

extensor carpi muscles=

A

extends wrist

77
Q

gluteus Maximus=

A

hip extension, helps climb and jump

78
Q

biceps femoris=

A

extends thigh

79
Q

quadriceps femoris=

A

(rectus femoris and 3 vastus muscles) powerful knee extensor

80
Q

Gastrocnemius=

A

plantar fixation

81
Q

soleus=

A

deep to gastrocnemius; plantar flexion also

82
Q

tibialis anterior=

A

dorsiflexion, inverts foot

Anatomy (19 decks)

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