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Anatomy > Cells Test > Flashcards

Cells Test Flashcards

0
Q

What are types of passive transport?

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

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1
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Passive transport

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2
Q

Goes through the lipid layer of cell membrane (oxygen, carbon dioxide, fats, urea, hormones, alcohol)

A

Simple diffusion

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3
Q

Bunds to a carrier protein the membrane to pass through (glucose)

A

Facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

Solvent diffuses through membrane from an area of high concentration of water to low concentration of water

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution( specific gravity)

A

Osmolarity

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6
Q

Type of passive transport in which water and dilutes are forced through the membrane by pressure

A

Filtration

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7
Q

Substances that require energy to get in or out of the cell (Na,K,Ca, amino acids)

A

Active transport

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8
Q

What are examples of active transport?

A

Bulk transport

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9
Q

Active transport for large particles in/out of the cell, uses ATP from the cell, includes endocytosis and exocytosis
EX: wbc eating bacteria

A

Bulk transport

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

Into cell

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11
Q

Exocytosis

A

Out of cell

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12
Q

The ability of a solution to change the tone or shape of cells by altering their internal water volume

A

Tonicity

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13
Q

A solution with equal tonicity

A

Isotonic solution

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14
Q

A solution with higher concentration of salutes than inside a cell, cells lose water and crenate (shrink)

A

Hypertonic solution

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15
Q

A solution with lower concentration of dilutes than inside the cells take on water, they plump up and eventually lyse (burst)

A

Hypotonic solution

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16
Q

Example of isotonic solution

A

Interstitial fluid, IV solutions

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17
Q

Hypertonic example

A

Salt water

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18
Q

Hypotonic example

A

Distillers water

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19
Q

What are the phases of the cell life cycle?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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20
Q

Interphase

A

The cell does its job, grows, and replicates its DNA

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21
Q

What is the longest phase of a cell

A

Interphase

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22
Q

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

A

To pass on genes to new cells or daughter cells

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23
Q

Explain DNA replication

A

DNA uncoils, separated into 2 complementary nucleotide chains, each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands the order of one stand dictates the other, the end result is two new DNA strands each one has a new and old strand,

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24
Q

What are the two chromatid strands of DNA held together by?

A

A centromere

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25
Q

What are the phases of cell division aka Mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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26
Q

Prophase

A

Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers appear

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27
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

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28
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart leaving pairs of chromatids at opposite poles of the cell

29
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes uncoil and become threadlike, spindle disappears, nuclear membrane and nucleolus appear, cytokinesis occurs

30
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm

31
Q

What is the end result of mitosis?

A

2 identical cells

32
Q

Explain protein synthesis

A

DNA unwinds, mRNA copies one strand in its complement, the mRNA takes the info to the ribosome, tRNA and rRNA decide and translate messages carried by mRNA inside the ribosome, amino acids are assembled by tRNA that form polypeptide chains, when a chain reaches the stop sequence the chain is released from the ribosome

33
Q

Cells are made of what 4 elements?

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

34
Q

Living cells are what percent water

A

60%

35
Q

Four different cell shapes found in your body are

A

disk-shaped, threadlike, cube like, pointed at each end

36
Q

What are the 3 main regions of a cell

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

37
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins

38
Q

What do proteins in the cell membrane do?

A

Act as enzymes, receptors, binding sites, involved in transport.

39
Q

What does microvilli do?

A

Increases cells surface area for quicker absorption processes

40
Q

Cilia

A

Move substances along the cell surface

41
Q

Flagella

A

Propels the cell itself

42
Q

Bind cells together into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing through

A

Tight junctions

43
Q

Desmosomes

A

Prevent cells from being pulled apart

44
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA, acts as the control center

45
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Regulates what can pass into and out of the nucleus

46
Q

Nucleoli

A

Site where ribosomes are assembled

47
Q

Chromatin

A

Contains the genetic info in DNA

48
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Maintains the cells boundaries, regulates what goes into and out of the cell

49
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Holds organelles

50
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supplies ATP to the cell, breaks down food to release energy

51
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins

52
Q

Rough er

A

Carries materials that make the cell membrane

53
Q

Smooth er

A

Metabolizes lipids and detoxifies drugs and pesticides

54
Q

Golgi body

A

Packages and transports and modifies proteins

55
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest worn out cells and foreign substances

56
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Detoxifies poisonous substances

57
Q

Centrioles

A

Generate spindle fibers during mitosis

58
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provides the cell with structure

59
Q

What do most cells metabolize?

A

Digest food, dispose of wastes, reproduce, grow, move, and respond to stimuli

60
Q

A solution containing small amounts of gases, nutrients, and salts dissolved in water

A

Intercellular fluids

61
Q

The fluid that continuously bathed the exterior of our cells

A

Interstitial fluid

62
Q

What 8 things are in interstitial fluid

A

Amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, waste products

63
Q

What 3 things make up nucleotides

A

Base, pentose sugar, phosphate

64
Q

Dna has the nucleotides

A

TACG

65
Q

RNA has the nucleotides

A

UACG

66
Q

What bonds hold DNA strands together

A

Hydrogen bonds

67
Q

When complementary mRNA is made at the DNA

A

Transcription

68
Q

When info carrier in mRNA is decoded

A

Translation

69
Q

3 bases that code for amino acids

A

Triplet

70
Q

Corresponding 3 base sequences in mRNA

A

Codon

Anatomy (19 decks)

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