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Heart Test Flashcards

0
Q

Shape of the heart

A

Hollow and cone shaped

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1
Q

Size of the heart

A

Size of your fist, weighs less than a pound

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2
Q

The heart is medial to the

A

Lungs

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3
Q

The heart is covered by a double sac called

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

The apex rests on the diaphragm and points

A

Left

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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6
Q

Outer protective layer, thin

A

Epicardium

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle, middle layer, the thickest

A

Myocardium

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8
Q

Inside layer that lines the chambers, smooth and continuous with the. Inside of the vessels

A

Endocardium

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9
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

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10
Q

What are the upper two chambers?

A

Atria/ receiving chambers

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11
Q

What are the lower 2 chambers?

A

Ventricles/ discharging chambers

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12
Q

What happens when the ventricles contract?

A

Blood is propelled out of the heart and to the lungs or other body systems

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13
Q

What separates the ventricles?

A

Septum

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14
Q

The heart functions as a

A

Double pump

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15
Q

The right side of the heart pumps to the

A

Lungs

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16
Q

When the right side pumps to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

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17
Q

The left side pumps blood to

A

All body systems except for the lungs

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18
Q

When the left side pumps blood to the body systems it is called

A

Systemic circulation

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19
Q

Both ventricles pump to different places while pumping

A

At the same time

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20
Q

Explain pulmonary circulation

A

Blood goes into the RA from the vena cava, blood then goes into the RV, the right ventricle forces blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, gas exchange occurs in the lungs, oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart

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21
Q

Explain systemic circulation

A

Blood comes into the LA from the lungs, it then goes to the left ventricle, the left ventricle contacts and blood is forced to all body tissues where has exchange occurs

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22
Q

How many valves does the heart have?

A

4

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23
Q

What do valves do?

A

Allow blood to only flow in one direction and prevent back flow

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24
What are the two types of valves?
AV valves, and SL valves
25
Even though the 2 sets of valves operates at a different times they operate
As a set
26
Where are the AV walked located?
Between the atria and ventricles
27
The job of the AV valves is to
Prevent back flow into the atria when the ventricles contract
28
The right AV valve is
The tricuspid valve (3 flaps)
29
The left AV valve is called the
Bicuspid or mitral valve (2 flaps)
30
What anchors the flaps to the walls in the ventricles
Chordae Tendineae
31
When the heart is relaxed
Blood is filling the chambers and the tri and bicuspid are open
32
When the ventricles are filled and are contacting the AV valves
Are closed
33
When the heart is contracting
Blood is leaving the ventricles and the SL valves are open
34
Where is the pulmonary SL valve
At the base of the pulmonary trunk
35
The aortic SL valve is
At the base of the aorta
36
The SL valves are closed when the heart
Relaxes and begins to fill again
37
What are the heart sounds?
A lub-dub, there sounds indicate the valves closing
38
What is the lub?
The AV valves closing
39
What is the dub sound?
The SL valves closing
40
What sound do leaky valves make?
A swishing sound
41
What is the swishing sound called
A heart murmur
42
Explain cardiac circulation
Coronary arteries take blood from the heart to the heart muscle, after gas exchange blood returns by the cardio vein into the right atrium
43
Decreased oxygen to the heart muscles that cause pain
Angina
44
What are the 3 ways to un-block a coronary artery?
Angioplasty, stents, and coronary bypass surgery
45
How is an angioplasty done?
A guide wire is inserted through the femoral artery and guided into the blocked artery, the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the artery wall to open the lumen, the balloon is then deflated
46
How does a stent work?
A guide wire is inserted into the lumen of the blocked artery, a metal stent is opened in the lumen to open the artery, the wire is removed but the stent remains and keep the lumen open
47
What is coronary bypass surgery?
It creates a pathway around the blocked part of your artery, a leg vein is removed and used as a graft around the blocked artery, the blocked artery is bypassed and blood will now flow through the grafted vessel
48
How impulses travel through the heart muscle to make it contract and empty each chamber
Conduction system
49
Where is the SA node?
In the right atrium
50
What does the SA node do?
Starts each heartbeat and sets the pace for your heart
51
What picks up the signal and sends it to the AV bundle, bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers
AV nodes
52
What does an EKG do?
It measures the electrical impulses going through the heart and graphs it
53
What causes heart blocks?
Damage to the AV nose
54
Rapid uncoordinated shuttering of the ventricles
Fibrillation
55
Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
Bradycardia
56
Fast heart rate, more than 100 beats per minute
Tachycardia
57
When a machine delivers electrical energy to the heart muscle to restore normal rhythm and restart the SA node
Defibrillation
58
75 beats per minute
Normal cardiac cycle
59
Heart relaxed and filling through the atria to the ventricles
Diastole
60
Heart is contracting and the ventricles are emptying
Systole
61
How do you calculate cardiac output?
HR•SV
62
The volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
Stroke volume
63
How fast your heart beats in a minute
Heart rate
64
What factors effect heart rate?
Physical or emotional stress, hormone levels, ions like calcium and potassium levels, age, gender, exercise, and body temp

Anatomy (19 decks)

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