Respiratory System test Flashcards
what are lungs with air sacs called?
alveoli
organs of the respiratory system include:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with air sacs
function of respiratory passageways?
purify, humidify and warm incoming air
function of alveoli
exchange gases (CO2 and oxygen) with the blood
what does the nose (with naval cavity) contain?
sticky mucus to moisten air and trap bacteria and debris
ciliated cells move _______ toward the _______ to be ___________.
contaminants
throat
swallowed
pharynx is _________.
throat
pharynx is common __________ for _______ and ______.
passageway
food
air
pharynx contains the _______.
tonsils
Larynx is the ________.
voice box
larynx routes _____ and ______ into the proper ________ and plays a role in _______.
food
air
channels
speech
Larynx contains the…
Adam’s apple, epiglottis and vocal cords
function of the epiglottis?
opens during breathing but closes larynx when you swallow food.
what moves up to close the trachea?
larynx
function of vocal cords?
vibrate with expelled air and allow speech
trachea is the _________.
windpipe
in trachea ______________ lines with ___________ and reinforced with _____________ which keep the _______ open.
smooth muscle tube
ciliated muscle
C-shaped cartilage rings
lumen
bronchi are..?
right and left tubes that go into the lungs
right bronchi is _______, _______ and _______ than left so more ________ ________ get lodged here
wider shorter straighter inhaled objects
bronchi branch into _______ and ______ tubes
smaller
smaller
what are the smallest tubes?
bronchioles
function of bronchioles?
connect air sacs (aka alveoli)
you have _______ and ______ lungs
right
left
_____ is top of lungs and _____ is bottom
Apex
base
left lung has __ lobes
2
right has __ lobes
3
what does the left lung have?
a notch (indention) for heart
which lung is shorter and why?
right, because of liver
what is the surface of each lung covered with?
visceral pleura
what is the thoracic cavity lined with?
parietal pleura
these two fluids make a ________ _______ that allows lungs to ______ & _______
pleura fluid
move
inflate
alveoli are..?
air sacs with thin layer walls
alveoli are covered on the outside with ________.
capillaries
how does gas exchange by?
simple diffusion
_______moves into ______ from alveoli; _______moves out of _____ into alveoli
oxygen
blood
CO2
blood
4 different mechanics of breathing
- pulmonary ventilation
- inspiration
- expiration
- respiration
pulmonary ventilation
breathing
inspiration
inhalation/ breathe in
expiration
exhalation/breath out
respiration
gas exchange (pick up oxygen and give off CO2)
diaphragm is the ____________ muscles under the ________.
dome shape
lungs
when the diaphragm muscles contract it…
moves downward and enlarges the thoracic cavity= inspire (inhale)
when diaphragm muscles relax..
the cavity shrinks=expire (exhale)
where are intercostal muscles located?
between the ribs
what happens when the intercostal muscles contract?
they pull the ribs outward
what do the intercostal muscles enlarge?
thoracic cavity- inspire
what happens when intercostal muscles relax?
cavity shrinks-exhale
what is laughing/crying and what happens?
emotional feelings; you release air in short expirations
what is yawning and what happens?
deep inspiration; it ventilates all distal alveoli
what happens when you sneeze?
you force air upward back through the nasal passage; clears upper passages
what happens when you cough?
you force air upward against a closed glottis; clears lower passages
what is a hiccup?
sudden inspirations from spasms of the diaphragm while glottis is closed; no useful function
respiratory rate
the number of times you inspire per minute while at rest
what is the normal amount of breaths?
12-18 breaths a minute
what are the 3 types of breathing?
1) diaphragmatic breathing
2) thoracic breathing (or chest)
3) clavicular breathing
