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Anatomy > Digestive System Test > Flashcards

Digestive System Test Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the alimentary canal.

A

Continuous, coiled, hollow muscular tube that winds through the central body cavity and is open to the external environment on both ends, it digests food, absorbs fragments into blood, and defecates

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1
Q

What are the two main groups of digestive organs?

A

Alimentary canal and Accessory Organs

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2
Q

What are the organs of the alimentary canal?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines

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3
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

The site of food entry, a muscles membrane lined cavity, and oral cavity

A

Mouth

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5
Q

Protect its anterior opening

A

Lips

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6
Q

Forms the lateral walls

A

Cheeks

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7
Q

The bony area on the roof of the mouth

A

Hard palate

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8
Q

The soft part of the roof of the mouth

A

Soft palate

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9
Q

Helps control speech, mix food w/ saliva, forms food into a bolus, and initiated swallowing

A

Tongue

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10
Q

A compact mass of food

A

Bolus

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11
Q

Secures the tongue to the bottom of the mouth, limits posterior movements

A

Lingual Frenulum

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12
Q

Passageway food, fluids, and air; muscles in the wall move and propel food to the esophagus

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

The muscular tube, 10 inches long from the pharynx to the stomach, collapsed when not involved with food propulsion

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue layers?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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15
Q

The membrane that lines the lumen from the mouth to the anus

A

Mucosa layer

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16
Q

Ct located beneath mucosa contains blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules, and vessels

A

Submucosa

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17
Q

Muscular layer that propels food

A

Muscularis

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18
Q

Protective outermost layer

A

Serosa

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19
Q

The site for physical breakdown of food and chemical breakdown of proteins

A

Stomach

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20
Q

A creamy semi-fluid

A

Chyme

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21
Q

What much does the stomach hold?

A

4 liters (1 gallon)

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22
Q

When the stomach is empty it is..

A

Collapsed

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23
Q

What are the folds inside the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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24
Q

What do the gastric glands in the lining of the stomach produce?

A

Mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and hormones

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25
Q

What is the ph range of the stomach?

A

1.5-3.5

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26
Q

What are gastric ulcers?

A

Erosions of the stomach wall

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27
Q

Major digestive organ, all nutrient absorption occurs here, convoluted, 8-20ft

A

Small intestine

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28
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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29
Q

The beginning of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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30
Q

The middle of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

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31
Q

The end of the small intestine

A

Ileum

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32
Q

Dries out indigestible food residue by absorbing water and eliminating these residues as feces

A

Large intestine

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33
Q

What are the 7 subdivisions of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal

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34
Q

The 1st pocket of the large intestine

A

Cecum

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35
Q

Moves up the right side

A

Ascending Colon

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36
Q

Moved across to the left side

A

Transverse Colon

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37
Q

Moves down the left side

A

Descending Colon

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38
Q

The s shaped end back to the middle

A

Sigmoid Colon

39
Q

The end of the colon

40
Q

Opens to body exterior

A

Anal Canal

41
Q

Tear and grind food into fragments

42
Q

What are the primary baby teeth called?

43
Q

How many teeth are in a full set?

44
Q

The bulk of the tooth is bonelike what?

45
Q

Surface has papillae

46
Q

What are the 3 types of papillae?

A

Filiform, fungi form, and circumvallate

47
Q

Most numerous papillae, provide rough surface

48
Q

On the sides of the tongue and on top (taste buds)

49
Q

10-12 large projections in a v shaped row at the back of the tongue(Tatar buds)

A

Circumvallate

50
Q

Produces saliva in order to clean teeth, dissolve food, and taste it, it aids in bolus formation, has enzymes for chemical breakdown

A

Salivary glands

51
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Paratoid, sublingual, submandibular

52
Q

Glands by the front of the ears

53
Q

Gland under the tongue

A

Sublingual

54
Q

Gland by the jaw

A

Submandibular

55
Q

Largest gland in the body, under the diaphragm, produces bile

56
Q

Green muscular sac located under the right love of the liver, it stores and concentrated bile

A

Gallbladder

57
Q

Triangular gland behind the stomach, the main enzyme producing organ, produces hormones

58
Q

What are the activities of the GI Tract?

A

Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation

59
Q

Taking food into the tract

60
Q

Moving food through the tract

A

Propulsion

61
Q

Voluntary propulsion

A

Swallowing

62
Q

Involuntary propulsion

A

Peristalsis(wavelike contractions that move food)

63
Q

Physically prepared food for chemical breakdown

A

Mechanical digestion

64
Q

What are some forms of mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing, mixing w/ saliva, mixing in stomach, and mixing in small intestine

65
Q

Large food particles are broken down into monomers to be absorbed

A

Chemical digestion

66
Q

Transports the digested particles to the blood, mostly in small intestines

A

Absorption

67
Q

Elimination of indigestible substances from the body

A

Defecation

68
Q

Chemical digestion of starched begins in the…?

69
Q

What enzyme splits starches?

70
Q

What makes up saliva?

A 
97-99% water
Electrolytes
Amylase
Mucin
IgA
Lysosomes
71
Q

What secretes intrinsic factors?

72
Q

That stomach empties about how many hours after a meal?

73
Q

In the stomach fluids pass _____ and solids stay and mix with Gastric juices until they become and liquid state.

74
Q

What region acts as a filter?

A

The pyloric region

75
Q

What can pass through the pyloric valve?

A

Only liquids and small particles

76
Q

Protein digestion starts in the…?

77
Q

What enzyme brakes down protein?

78
Q

What substances are absorbed in the stomach?

A

Aspirin, alcohol, and some drugs

79
Q

How long does it take chyme to go through the small intestine?

A

3 to 6 hours

80
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed?

A

The small intestine

81
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

82
Q

Bile helps breakdown what?

83
Q

What does bile do?

A

It breaks fat globules to small droplets

84
Q

What happens when bike is decreased?

A

Cholesterol may crystallize forming gall stones

85
Q

What occurs when bike blocks ducts?

A

Jaundice: yellowing of the skin

86
Q

How long does food residue remain in the large intestine?

A

12 to 24 hours

87
Q

What is the only thing that breaks down food in the large intestine??

88
Q

What are the small pocket-like sacs called?

89
Q

Absorption in the large intestine is limited to?

A

Water, vitamins, and electrolytes

90
Q

What is feces made up of?

A

Undigested food, mucus, bacteria, and some water

91
Q

If the large intestine is removed what happens to the ileum?

A

It’s brought out to the abdominal wall and food residues are collected in a sac

92
Q

A genetic disease affecting lungs and pancreas; mucus accumulates and blocks ducts and airways

A

Cystic fibrosis

93
Q

Enlarged veins in the lining of the anal canal

A

Hemorrhoids

94
Q

Self induced vomiting

95
Q

What are problems that occur due to bulimia?

A

Pancreatitis, swollen salivary glands, liver, and gall bladder problems; damage to stomach and esophagus, HCL erodes tooth enamel, can kill, electrolyte imbalance puts heart at risk to fail, the stomach can rupture and cause internal bleeding

Anatomy (19 decks)

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