Digestive System Test

Question 0

Describe the alimentary canal.

Answer 0

Continuous, coiled, hollow muscular tube that winds through the central body cavity and is open to the external environment on both ends, it digests food, absorbs fragments into blood, and defecates

Question 1

What are the two main groups of digestive organs?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal and Accessory Organs

Question 2

What are the organs of the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines

Question 3

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 3

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 4

The site of food entry, a muscles membrane lined cavity, and oral cavity

Answer 4

Mouth

Question 5

Protect its anterior opening

Answer 5

Lips

Question 6

Forms the lateral walls

Answer 6

Cheeks

Question 7

The bony area on the roof of the mouth

Answer 7

Hard palate

Question 8

The soft part of the roof of the mouth

Answer 8

Soft palate

Question 9

Helps control speech, mix food w/ saliva, forms food into a bolus, and initiated swallowing

Answer 9

Tongue

Question 10

A compact mass of food

Answer 10

Bolus

Question 11

Secures the tongue to the bottom of the mouth, limits posterior movements

Answer 11

Lingual Frenulum

Question 12

Passageway food, fluids, and air; muscles in the wall move and propel food to the esophagus

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

The muscular tube, 10 inches long from the pharynx to the stomach, collapsed when not involved with food propulsion

Answer 13

Esophagus

Question 14

What are the 4 basic tissue layers?

Answer 14

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 15

The membrane that lines the lumen from the mouth to the anus

Answer 15

Mucosa layer

Question 16

Ct located beneath mucosa contains blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules, and vessels

Answer 16

Submucosa

Question 17

Muscular layer that propels food

Answer 17

Muscularis

Question 18

Protective outermost layer

Answer 18

Serosa

Question 19

The site for physical breakdown of food and chemical breakdown of proteins

Answer 19

Stomach

Question 20

A creamy semi-fluid

Answer 20

Chyme

Question 21

What much does the stomach hold?

Answer 21

4 liters (1 gallon)

Question 22

When the stomach is empty it is..

Answer 22

Collapsed

Question 23

What are the folds inside the stomach called?

Answer 23

Rugae

Question 24

What do the gastric glands in the lining of the stomach produce?

Answer 24

Mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and hormones

Question 25

What is the ph range of the stomach?

Answer 25

1.5-3.5

Question 26

What are gastric ulcers?

Answer 26

Erosions of the stomach wall

Question 27

Major digestive organ, all nutrient absorption occurs here, convoluted, 8-20ft

Answer 27

Small intestine

Question 28

What are the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 29

The beginning of the small intestine

Answer 29

Duodenum

Question 30

The middle of the small intestine

Answer 30

Jejunum

Question 31

The end of the small intestine

Answer 31

Ileum

Question 32

Dries out indigestible food residue by absorbing water and eliminating these residues as feces

Answer 32

Large intestine

Question 33

What are the 7 subdivisions of the large intestine?

Answer 33

Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal

Question 34

The 1st pocket of the large intestine

Answer 34

Cecum

Question 35

Moves up the right side

Answer 35

Ascending Colon

Question 36

Moved across to the left side

Answer 36

Transverse Colon

Question 37

Moves down the left side

Answer 37

Descending Colon

Question 38

The s shaped end back to the middle

Answer 38

Sigmoid Colon

Question 39

The end of the colon

Answer 39

Rectum

Question 40

Opens to body exterior

Answer 40

Anal Canal

Question 41

Tear and grind food into fragments

Answer 41

Teeth

Question 42

What are the primary baby teeth called?

Answer 42

Deciduous

Question 43

How many teeth are in a full set?

Answer 43

32

Question 44

The bulk of the tooth is bonelike what?

Answer 44

Denton

Question 45

Surface has papillae

Answer 45

Tongue

Question 46

What are the 3 types of papillae?

Answer 46

Filiform, fungi form, and circumvallate

Question 47

Most numerous papillae, provide rough surface

Answer 47

Filiform

Question 48

On the sides of the tongue and on top (taste buds)

Answer 48

Fingiform

Question 49

10-12 large projections in a v shaped row at the back of the tongue(Tatar buds)

Answer 49

Circumvallate

Question 50

Produces saliva in order to clean teeth, dissolve food, and taste it, it aids in bolus formation, has enzymes for chemical breakdown

Answer 50

Salivary glands

Question 51

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 51

Paratoid, sublingual, submandibular

Question 52

Glands by the front of the ears

Answer 52

Paratoid

Question 53

Gland under the tongue

Answer 53

Sublingual

Question 54

Gland by the jaw

Answer 54

Submandibular

Question 55

Largest gland in the body, under the diaphragm, produces bile

Answer 55

Liver

Question 56

Green muscular sac located under the right love of the liver, it stores and concentrated bile

Answer 56

Gallbladder

Question 57

Triangular gland behind the stomach, the main enzyme producing organ, produces hormones

Answer 57

Pancreas

Question 58

What are the activities of the GI Tract?

Answer 58

Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation

Question 59

Taking food into the tract

Answer 59

Ingestion

Question 60

Moving food through the tract

Answer 60

Propulsion

Question 61

Voluntary propulsion

Answer 61

Swallowing

Question 62

Involuntary propulsion

Answer 62

Peristalsis(wavelike contractions that move food)

Question 63

Physically prepared food for chemical breakdown

Answer 63

Mechanical digestion

Question 64

What are some forms of mechanical digestion?

Answer 64

Chewing, mixing w/ saliva, mixing in stomach, and mixing in small intestine

Question 65

Large food particles are broken down into monomers to be absorbed

Answer 65

Chemical digestion

Question 66

Transports the digested particles to the blood, mostly in small intestines

Answer 66

Absorption

Question 67

Elimination of indigestible substances from the body

Answer 67

Defecation

Question 68

Chemical digestion of starched begins in the...?

Answer 68

Mouth

Question 69

What enzyme splits starches?

Answer 69

Amylase

Question 70

What makes up saliva?

Answer 70

``` 97-99% water Electrolytes Amylase Mucin IgA Lysosomes ```

Question 71

What secretes intrinsic factors?

Answer 71

Stomach

Question 72

That stomach empties about how many hours after a meal?

Answer 72

4

Question 73

In the stomach fluids pass _____ and solids stay and mix with Gastric juices until they become and liquid state.

Answer 73

Quickly

Question 74

What region acts as a filter?

Answer 74

The pyloric region

Question 75

What can pass through the pyloric valve?

Answer 75

Only liquids and small particles

Question 76

Protein digestion starts in the...?

Answer 76

Stomach

Question 77

What enzyme brakes down protein?

Answer 77

Pepsin

Question 78

What substances are absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 78

Aspirin, alcohol, and some drugs

Question 79

How long does it take chyme to go through the small intestine?

Answer 79

3 to 6 hours

Question 80

Where are nutrients absorbed?

Answer 80

The small intestine

Question 81

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 81

Lipase

Question 82

Bile helps breakdown what?

Answer 82

Lipids

Question 83

What does bile do?

Answer 83

It breaks fat globules to small droplets

Question 84

What happens when bike is decreased?

Answer 84

Cholesterol may crystallize forming gall stones

Question 85

What occurs when bike blocks ducts?

Answer 85

Jaundice: yellowing of the skin

Question 86

How long does food residue remain in the large intestine?

Answer 86

12 to 24 hours

Question 87

What is the only thing that breaks down food in the large intestine??

Answer 87

Bacteria

Question 88

What are the small pocket-like sacs called?

Answer 88

Haustra

Question 89

Absorption in the large intestine is limited to?

Answer 89

Water, vitamins, and electrolytes

Question 90

What is feces made up of?

Answer 90

Undigested food, mucus, bacteria, and some water

Question 91

If the large intestine is removed what happens to the ileum?

Answer 91

It's brought out to the abdominal wall and food residues are collected in a sac

Question 92

A genetic disease affecting lungs and pancreas; mucus accumulates and blocks ducts and airways

Answer 92

Cystic fibrosis

Question 93

Enlarged veins in the lining of the anal canal

Answer 93

Hemorrhoids

Question 94

Self induced vomiting

Answer 94

Bulimia

Question 95

What are problems that occur due to bulimia?

Answer 95

Pancreatitis, swollen salivary glands, liver, and gall bladder problems; damage to stomach and esophagus, HCL erodes tooth enamel, can kill, electrolyte imbalance puts heart at risk to fail, the stomach can rupture and cause internal bleeding