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Anatomy > Endocrine/Lymphatic Test > Flashcards

Endocrine/Lymphatic Test Flashcards

0
Q

What type of gland is a thymus gland?

A

Endocrine

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1
Q

What’s the difference in endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine: ductless glands that secrete hormones
Exocrine: glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface

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2
Q

What type of gland is a sweat gland?

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas?

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

What type of gland is the salivary gland?

A

Exocrine

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5
Q

What type of gland is the adrenal gland?

A

Endocrine

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6
Q

If a gland secretes through ducts it is?

A

Exocrine

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7
Q

If a gland secretes into surrounding tissue, it is?

A

Endocrine

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8
Q

If a gland secretes hormones, it is?

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

If a gland secretes oils, sweat, and enzymes, it is?

A

Exocrine

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10
Q

If a gland secretes into the internal environment, it is?

A

Endocrine

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11
Q

If a gland secretes into the external environment, it is?

A

Exocrine

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12
Q

If a gland controls short term activity, it is?

A

Exocrine

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13
Q

If a gland controls long term on target organs, it is?

A

Endocrine

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14
Q

Define negative feedback

A

The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones

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15
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Coordinates and directs the activity of the body’s cells

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands; responsible for specific regulatory effects, on certain points of organs

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17
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Inferior surface if the hypothalamus of the brain

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18
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

In the neck

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19
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands?

A

On the dorsal aspect of the thyroid glands

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20
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On your kidneys

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21
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Close to the stomach, in the abdominal cavity

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22
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

A

Hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

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23
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

On the upper thorax

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24
Q

Where are the ovaries?

A

In the pelvis

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25
Q

Where are the testes?

A

Suspended from the scrotum

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26
Q

What are some problems that elderly people might have as a result of decreasing hormone production?

A

Osteoporosis

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27
Q

Describe the difference in humoral and neural stimuli

A

In humoral stimuli, endocrine organs are prodded into action by other organs. In neural stimuli, nerve fibers stimulate hormone release

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28
Q

Which organ produces ADH?

A

Posterior pituitary

29
Q

Which gland produces estrogen?

A

Ovaries

30
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Glucagon

31
Q

Which gland produces growth hormones?

A

Pituitary

32
Q

What does the thymus produce?

A

Thymosin

33
Q

Which gland produces epinephrine?

A

Adrenal medulla

34
Q

Which gland produces melatonin?

A

Pineal

35
Q

What is the body’s major metabolic hormone?

A

Thyroid

36
Q

Which hormone is believed to be a sleep trigger as this hormone increases at night?

A

Melatonin

37
Q

Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose is burned and converted to energy?

A

Insulin

38
Q

What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • transport fluids back to the blood that have escaped from the blood stream
  • defend the body against disease
39
Q

What are the organs of the lymphatic system?

A 
Lymph nodes 
Spleen
Thymus gland
Tonsils
Peyers patches
40
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Organs that remove foreign substances like bacteria and tumor cells

41
Q

Nodes are clustered in what body areas?

A

Inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions

42
Q

What do swollen lymph nodes indicate?

A

Infections

43
Q

What two things does the spleen do?

A
  • filters your blood looking for foreign invaders to destroy
  • destroy old RBCs and recycle iron
44
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

In the throat by the heart

45
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

Produce hormones to activate lymphocytes to destroy foreign invaders

46
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

Throat

47
Q

What do the tonsils do?

A

Trap and remove pathogens

48
Q

If the tonsils are swollen from infection what is it called?

A

Tonsillitis

49
Q

Where are peyers patches found?

A

Small intestines

50
Q

What do peyers patches do?

A

Destroy bacteria

51
Q

What is the immune system function?

A

Respond immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances (ex: bacteria, viruses, transplanted organs)

52
Q

Non specific immune response works on a lot of

A

Pathogens

53
Q

What are the surface membrane barriers in the first line of defense?

A 
Unbroken skin 
Mucous membrane
Ph of skin
Acid in stomach
Lysozyme sin saliva 
Mucous 
Fever
54
Q

What do the surface membrane barriers do?

A

Trap and destroy any pathogen

55
Q

In the second line of defense, what do phagocytes do?

A

Engulf invaders

56
Q

In second line of defense, what do natural killer cells do?

A

Attack cancer and viruses

57
Q

What does inflammation prevent?

A

Spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues

58
Q

What do antimicrobial chemicals do?

A

Attack pathogens or hinder their ability to reproduce

59
Q

What does fever inhibit?

A

Multiplication of bacteria

60
Q

In the third line of defense, what do lymphocytes make?

A

Antibodies to attack each type of pathogen

61
Q

What type of immunity is when we get antibodies from another person or animal?

A

Passive

62
Q

What type of immunity is when our B cells actually see the invader or antigen and make a specific antibody against it?

A

Active

63
Q

What can active immunity make?

A

Memory cells

64
Q

What do memory cells do?

A

Mount even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens

65
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A shot/liquid that gives us a little bit or piece of the invader so our B cells will make antibodies against it

66
Q

What do most vaccines contain?

A

Dead or weakened (attenuated) pathogens

67
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals that kill pathogens or render them ineffective

68
Q

What are antibiotics made from?

A

Microorganisms, plants, etc.

69
Q

What do antibiotics not work on?

A

Viruses

Anatomy (19 decks)

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