Endocrine/Lymphatic Test Flashcards
What type of gland is a thymus gland?
Endocrine
What’s the difference in endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine: ductless glands that secrete hormones
Exocrine: glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface
What type of gland is a sweat gland?
Exocrine
What type of gland is the pancreas?
Endocrine
What type of gland is the salivary gland?
Exocrine
What type of gland is the adrenal gland?
Endocrine
If a gland secretes through ducts it is?
Exocrine
If a gland secretes into surrounding tissue, it is?
Endocrine
If a gland secretes hormones, it is?
Endocrine
If a gland secretes oils, sweat, and enzymes, it is?
Exocrine
If a gland secretes into the internal environment, it is?
Endocrine
If a gland secretes into the external environment, it is?
Exocrine
If a gland controls short term activity, it is?
Exocrine
If a gland controls long term on target organs, it is?
Endocrine
Define negative feedback
The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Coordinates and directs the activity of the body’s cells
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands; responsible for specific regulatory effects, on certain points of organs
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Inferior surface if the hypothalamus of the brain
Where is the thyroid gland located?
In the neck
Where are the parathyroid glands?
On the dorsal aspect of the thyroid glands
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On your kidneys
Where is the pancreas located?
Close to the stomach, in the abdominal cavity
Where is the pineal gland?
Hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
Where is the thymus gland located?
On the upper thorax
Where are the ovaries?
In the pelvis
Where are the testes?
Suspended from the scrotum
What are some problems that elderly people might have as a result of decreasing hormone production?
Osteoporosis
Describe the difference in humoral and neural stimuli
In humoral stimuli, endocrine organs are prodded into action by other organs. In neural stimuli, nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
Which organ produces ADH?
Posterior pituitary
Which gland produces estrogen?
Ovaries
What does the pancreas produce?
Glucagon
Which gland produces growth hormones?
Pituitary
What does the thymus produce?
Thymosin
Which gland produces epinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
Which gland produces melatonin?
Pineal
What is the body’s major metabolic hormone?
Thyroid
Which hormone is believed to be a sleep trigger as this hormone increases at night?
Melatonin
Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose is burned and converted to energy?
Insulin
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?
- transport fluids back to the blood that have escaped from the blood stream
- defend the body against disease
What are the organs of the lymphatic system?
Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus gland Tonsils Peyers patches
What are lymph nodes?
Organs that remove foreign substances like bacteria and tumor cells
Nodes are clustered in what body areas?
Inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions
What do swollen lymph nodes indicate?
Infections
What two things does the spleen do?
- filters your blood looking for foreign invaders to destroy
- destroy old RBCs and recycle iron
Where is the thymus gland located?
In the throat by the heart
What does the thymus gland do?
Produce hormones to activate lymphocytes to destroy foreign invaders
Where are the tonsils located?
Throat
What do the tonsils do?
Trap and remove pathogens
If the tonsils are swollen from infection what is it called?
Tonsillitis
Where are peyers patches found?
Small intestines
What do peyers patches do?
Destroy bacteria
What is the immune system function?
Respond immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances (ex: bacteria, viruses, transplanted organs)
Non specific immune response works on a lot of
Pathogens
What are the surface membrane barriers in the first line of defense?
Unbroken skin Mucous membrane Ph of skin Acid in stomach Lysozyme sin saliva Mucous Fever
What do the surface membrane barriers do?
Trap and destroy any pathogen
In the second line of defense, what do phagocytes do?
Engulf invaders
In second line of defense, what do natural killer cells do?
Attack cancer and viruses
What does inflammation prevent?
Spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues
What do antimicrobial chemicals do?
Attack pathogens or hinder their ability to reproduce
What does fever inhibit?
Multiplication of bacteria
In the third line of defense, what do lymphocytes make?
Antibodies to attack each type of pathogen
What type of immunity is when we get antibodies from another person or animal?
Passive
What type of immunity is when our B cells actually see the invader or antigen and make a specific antibody against it?
Active
What can active immunity make?
Memory cells
What do memory cells do?
Mount even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens
What is a vaccine?
A shot/liquid that gives us a little bit or piece of the invader so our B cells will make antibodies against it
What do most vaccines contain?
Dead or weakened (attenuated) pathogens
What are antibiotics?
Chemicals that kill pathogens or render them ineffective
What are antibiotics made from?
Microorganisms, plants, etc.
What do antibiotics not work on?
Viruses
