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Endocrine/Lymphatic Test Flashcards

0
Q

What type of gland is a thymus gland?

A

Endocrine

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1
Q

What’s the difference in endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine: ductless glands that secrete hormones
Exocrine: glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface

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2
Q

What type of gland is a sweat gland?

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas?

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

What type of gland is the salivary gland?

A

Exocrine

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5
Q

What type of gland is the adrenal gland?

A

Endocrine

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6
Q

If a gland secretes through ducts it is?

A

Exocrine

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7
Q

If a gland secretes into surrounding tissue, it is?

A

Endocrine

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8
Q

If a gland secretes hormones, it is?

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

If a gland secretes oils, sweat, and enzymes, it is?

A

Exocrine

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10
Q

If a gland secretes into the internal environment, it is?

A

Endocrine

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11
Q

If a gland secretes into the external environment, it is?

A

Exocrine

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12
Q

If a gland controls short term activity, it is?

A

Exocrine

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13
Q

If a gland controls long term on target organs, it is?

A

Endocrine

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14
Q

Define negative feedback

A

The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones

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15
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Coordinates and directs the activity of the body’s cells

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands; responsible for specific regulatory effects, on certain points of organs

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17
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Inferior surface if the hypothalamus of the brain

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18
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

In the neck

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19
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands?

A

On the dorsal aspect of the thyroid glands

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20
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On your kidneys

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21
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Close to the stomach, in the abdominal cavity

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22
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

A

Hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

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23
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

On the upper thorax

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24
Where are the ovaries?
In the pelvis
25
Where are the testes?
Suspended from the scrotum
26
What are some problems that elderly people might have as a result of decreasing hormone production?
Osteoporosis
27
Describe the difference in humoral and neural stimuli
In humoral stimuli, endocrine organs are prodded into action by other organs. In neural stimuli, nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
28
Which organ produces ADH?
Posterior pituitary
29
Which gland produces estrogen?
Ovaries
30
What does the pancreas produce?
Glucagon
31
Which gland produces growth hormones?
Pituitary
32
What does the thymus produce?
Thymosin
33
Which gland produces epinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
34
Which gland produces melatonin?
Pineal
35
What is the body's major metabolic hormone?
Thyroid
36
Which hormone is believed to be a sleep trigger as this hormone increases at night?
Melatonin
37
Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose is burned and converted to energy?
Insulin
38
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?
- transport fluids back to the blood that have escaped from the blood stream - defend the body against disease
39
What are the organs of the lymphatic system?
``` Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus gland Tonsils Peyers patches ```
40
What are lymph nodes?
Organs that remove foreign substances like bacteria and tumor cells
41
Nodes are clustered in what body areas?
Inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions
42
What do swollen lymph nodes indicate?
Infections
43
What two things does the spleen do?
- filters your blood looking for foreign invaders to destroy - destroy old RBCs and recycle iron
44
Where is the thymus gland located?
In the throat by the heart
45
What does the thymus gland do?
Produce hormones to activate lymphocytes to destroy foreign invaders
46
Where are the tonsils located?
Throat
47
What do the tonsils do?
Trap and remove pathogens
48
If the tonsils are swollen from infection what is it called?
Tonsillitis
49
Where are peyers patches found?
Small intestines
50
What do peyers patches do?
Destroy bacteria
51
What is the immune system function?
Respond immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances (ex: bacteria, viruses, transplanted organs)
52
Non specific immune response works on a lot of
Pathogens
53
What are the surface membrane barriers in the first line of defense?
``` Unbroken skin Mucous membrane Ph of skin Acid in stomach Lysozyme sin saliva Mucous Fever ```
54
What do the surface membrane barriers do?
Trap and destroy any pathogen
55
In the second line of defense, what do phagocytes do?
Engulf invaders
56
In second line of defense, what do natural killer cells do?
Attack cancer and viruses
57
What does inflammation prevent?
Spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues
58
What do antimicrobial chemicals do?
Attack pathogens or hinder their ability to reproduce
59
What does fever inhibit?
Multiplication of bacteria
60
In the third line of defense, what do lymphocytes make?
Antibodies to attack each type of pathogen
61
What type of immunity is when we get antibodies from another person or animal?
Passive
62
What type of immunity is when our B cells actually see the invader or antigen and make a specific antibody against it?
Active
63
What can active immunity make?
Memory cells
64
What do memory cells do?
Mount even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens
65
What is a vaccine?
A shot/liquid that gives us a little bit or piece of the invader so our B cells will make antibodies against it
66
What do most vaccines contain?
Dead or weakened (attenuated) pathogens
67
What are antibiotics?
Chemicals that kill pathogens or render them ineffective
68
What are antibiotics made from?
Microorganisms, plants, etc.
69
What do antibiotics not work on?
Viruses

Anatomy (19 decks)

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