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RUSVM Pathology 2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What species has a multipyramidal appearance of the kiddy but has no external lobulation

A

Porcine

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2
Q

What species has multipyramidal kidney with external lobulation

A

Bovine

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3
Q

What is the absence of development of a kidney?

A

Renal aplaisa

Unilateral (incidental) or bilateral (fatal)

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4
Q

Renal aplasia is rare but can be seen in swine, cattle and dog, what breed of dogs does it have a familial tendency in?

A

Doberman pinscher and beagle

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5
Q

If there is a unilateral renal aplaisa, how will the functional kidney appear?

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

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6
Q

MDx for kidney with reduced size but normal architecture

A

Renal hypoplasia

Seen in pigs, foals, dogs, and chickens

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7
Q

MDx for a kidney that has abnormal and asynchronous differentiation of renal tissues

A

Renal dysplasia

-severe bilateral –> renal fialuare

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8
Q

What are causes of renal dysplasia in cats and dogs?

A

FIP

Canine herpesvirus

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9
Q

Cause of renal dysplasia in bovine

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus

Intrauritne urethral obstruction -calf

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10
Q

What is a cause of renal dysplasia in pigs

A

Hypovitaminosis A

Intrauterine urethral obstruction

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11
Q

Renal dysplasia can be an autosomal dominant trait in what sp?

A

Suffolk sheep

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12
Q

Fluid filled mass lined by cuboidal epithelium on the kidney

A

Renal cyst (may be uni, bilateral, or multiple)

Common congenital malformation

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13
Q

Kidney has a “honeycomb appearance” with numberous cysts in cortex and medulla. What is the condition and what are the causes

A

Polycystic kidney

Congenital -pig and labs
Inherited - certain dog, cat and goat breeds
Acquired - obstructed tubules in chronic renal disease

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14
Q

Normal kidney in abnormal places? Whhhhaaaaattt???

A

Ectopic kidney

Seen in dog and pig

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15
Q

Ectopic kidney can predispose an animal to??

A

Urethral obstruction

Development of hydronephrosis

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16
Q

What is a “horseshoe kidney”?

A

Congenital malformation

-fusion of the cranial or caudal poles of the kidney.

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17
Q

What is the most common PM change seen in kidney?

A

Autolysis

Kidneys are soft and friable

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18
Q

What pigmentation disturbances are seen in the kidney

A

Pseudomelanosis
Myoglobinuria
Lipofuscinosis
Bile

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19
Q

Hemoglobin will cause the kidney to be dark red - black, what would be the cause of this change?

A

Severe intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria

  • lepto
  • bacillary hemoglobinuria
  • babesiosis
  • chronic copper poisoning (sheep)
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20
Q

Sheep with..

Enlarged urinary bladder 
Adipose tissue is yellow in colour 
Liver in orange
Kidneys are dark red-black 
Dark-red urine
A

Hemoglobinuria secondary to copper poisoning.

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21
Q

Rhabdomyolysis can lead to what pigmentary change in the kidney?

A

Myoglobin -> dark red to black kidney
Myoglobinuria

Also seen in equine paralytic myoglobinuria

22
Q

Cow kidneys are dark brown to black. What pigmentary change is this?

A

Lipofucsinosis
Incidental finding

-would also see discolouration of the cardiac parenchyma (uniform dark brown)

23
Q

Kidney is diffusely yellow-green coloured. Is this abnormal

A

Yes

Bile pigment -> choluria

24
Q

What leads to choluria?

A

Obstructive jaundice or severe liver disease –> conjugated bilibrubin excreted in kidney

25
Q

What change is occurring?

Kidney is bright or dark red.

A

Circulatory disturbance

-hyperemia and congestion

26
Q

What kind of circulatory disturbances leads to petechiae or eccymosis on the cortical surface of the kidney?

A

Renal hemorrhage

27
Q

What lesions would you see in the kidney associated with DIC?

A

Renal petechia

-> vesicular injury/planet comsumpion

28
Q

Your client just set their cattle loose in a field of sweet clover. What problems are associated with sweet clover, and what lesions would be present in the kidney?

A

Sweet clover is high in courmarin -> dicoumarol -> anti-vitK -> clotting issue (factors 2, 7, 9, 10)-> bleeding

Kidney-> petechiation

29
Q

What are hemophilia A and B? What lesions are associated?

A

Inherited factor deficiencies

A- VIII (dog, cat, horse, cattle)
B- IX (dog and cat)

Renal petechia

30
Q

Viremia can cause a renal petechia and ecchymosis. What would the DDx be in a pig vs dog

A

Pig - hog cholera (AKA classical swine fever) or African swine fever

Dog-canine herpesvirus (neonatal)

31
Q

T/F: bacteremia can cause a renal petechia?

A

True

If septicemia is suspected - other tissues should also be affected

(Eg pig - erysipelas, strep, salmonella)

32
Q

What are two main causes of a renal ischemia?

A

Torsion - usually associated with trauma (leads to congestion-> enlarged reddened kidney)

Infarct

33
Q

In kidney, triangular area of pale tissue.

A

Renal infarct - usually associated wth thrombosis of renal vessels (e interlobular artery)

34
Q

Acutely a renal infarct will appear _______, while a chronic infarct will be ______

A

Red (due to hemorrhage); pale

35
Q

What is the pathogenesis of valvular endocarditis leading to renal ischemia?

A

Valvular endocarditis -> plaques (thrombus) present on valves –> breaks off and travels to kidney-> embolus causes an infarct in kidney

36
Q

Well demarcated, circular area on the capsule of the kidney is depressed? What is the lesion due to?

A

Prolonged ischemia leads to coagulative necrosis -> affected area heals by fibrosis –> less tissue density of the CT (scar) tissue causes the depression seen.

37
Q

Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in cattle and pigs with __________

A

Valvular endocarditis

38
Q

Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in dogs with ______________

A

Renal amyloidosis -> loss of antithrombin III -> hypercoaguable patient

39
Q

Renal infarcts are most commonly seen in cats with _________

A

Left atrial thrombosis

40
Q

T/F: glomular amyloidosis is a protein losing-enteropathy

A

True

Amyloid deposition leads to poor glomerular function –> protienuria

41
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary amyloidosis?

A

Primary- due to abnormal production of Ab by plasma cells (rare)

Secondary- serum a-globulin deposition that is associated with harmonic antigenic stimulation (common in domestic animals)

42
Q

Kidney is enlarged, diffusely pale, and finely granular on the surface

What is it?

A

Amyloidosis

If stained with iodine -> soiled black dots in cortex = glomeruli filled with amyloid protein

43
Q

Histo of kidney…

Pink amorphous and acellular material in glomeruli

A

Amyloidosis

44
Q

In what breed of cat and dog can a familial renal amyloidosis be present?

A

Abyssinian cat

Chinese shar pei

45
Q

Bilateral renal cortical necrosis is an acute and severe ischemia of the renal cortex due to _____________?

A

Vasospasm of cortical vessels (usually associated with endotoxemia)

-> patchy appearances with red and yellow marbled areas of discolouration

46
Q

A localized ischemia of the renal medulla will causes what lesions?

A

Renal medullary (papillary) necrosis

47
Q

What are causes of medullary necrosis?

A

Amyloidosis (cats)
Pyelonephritis
DM
Urinary obstruction

Anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs -phenylbutazone, phenacetin, aspirin.

48
Q

T/F: renal tubular epithelium is metabolically very active, thus highly susceptible to ischemia or toxic damage

A

True

49
Q

What is the DDX for diffusely pale kidneys?

A

Amyloidosis
Acute nephrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Lymphosarcoma

50
Q

Histo..
Cortex of kindey

Fibrosis
Tubular loss
Architectural disorganization

A

Chronic Nephrosis

51
Q

Histo..
Cortex of kidney.

Swelling of the tubular epithelium
Cytoplasm may be vacuolated and nucleus pyknotic, karyolytic

Tubules are hypocellular, often dilated and contain cellular debris

A

Acute tubular nephrosis

52
Q

Melamine/cyanuric acid will cause what disease condition?

A

Nephrosis -> renally toxic

RUSVM Pathology 2 (16 decks)

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