Endocrine Pathology Flashcards
What skin lesion is associated with cushings disese
Calcinosis cutis
Normally the adrenal glands should have what ratio of cortex to medulla?
3:1
What MDx would describe a adrenal gland with a 4:1 ratio of cortex:medulla?
Adrenocortical hyperplasia
Dog with tragic face
Mucopurulent exudate from the eyes
Significant subcutaneous fat
What endocrine disorder?
Hypothyroidism
What consequence of hypothyroidism can be seen in the heart?
Coronary artery atherosclerosis
-hypercholesterolemia –> fatty tissue and macrophage infiltrate in the vascular wall
What hormonal abnormality is associated with thyroid nodular hyperplasia?
Hyperthyroid
What changes in the heart can be associated with hyperthyroidism
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- enlarged with pale apex
- sunken necrosis and fibrosis
What is the pathogenesis in which cardiac hypertrophy arises from hyperthyroidims?
Hyperthyroidism increased BP
Overcome increased afterload
Necrosis due to lack of blood supply to the cardiomyocytes
What is the pathogenesis of acute kidney infarct in a hyperthyroid cat?
High BP -> cardiac hypertrophy –> diseased heart with poor flow –> thrombosis and embolism
You have bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia, is this primary or secondary?
Secondary –> both enlarged because of an outside cause
What is the stimulus for bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia?
Hypocalcemia -> stimulate parathyroid to increase PTH
What are the two inflammatory disorders of the endocrine system?
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
Lymphocytic adrenalitis
Mass in the medulla of the adrenal gland of the horse
Pheochromocytoma
What common mass is found in the pancreas of a ferret?
Pancreatic islet carcinoma
AKA insulinoma
What two endocrine tumors are common in ferrets?
Adrenocortical tumor -> hyperestrogenism
Pancreatic islet cell tumor -> hypoglycemia
What is the MDx of a goat with enlarged thyroid in a goat
DDx?
Thyroid hyperplasia
Goiter
T/F: goats affected with goiter are hyperthyroid
False!
Hypothyroid
Can’t make t4 -> Pituitary makes TSH –> ++ thyroid
What are the possible EDx of goiter ?
Iodine deficient diet
Goiterogenic substances
-brassica plants or sulfonamides (interfere with the production of T4
Congenital (enzyme defect)
Excess dietary iodide
How is alopecia associated with hypothyroid?
Cutaneous mucinosis (Chinese sharpei)
Doggo
Gain in body weight
Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, scaly skin
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism
What are the typical lesions causing canine hypothyroidism?
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
Thyroid atrophy
-> no functional response to TSH due to inflammatory infiltrate or atrophy = no goiter
Cat
Polyphagia with weight loss
Inappropriate urination
Mass in the thyroid.
What does the cat have too much of?
T3/T4
What is the MDx for a nodular mass in the thyroid?
Nodular (adenomatous) thyroid hyperplasia
What is the EDx of feline hyperthyroidism?
Adenomatous hyperplasia
Adenoma
Carcinoma
T/F: you should expect to see an increase in T4 in a thyroid follicular cell tumor in a dog
False
Depends on differentiation of the cells
Almost always malignant and not producing thyroid hormone
T/F: in thyroid neoplasia, cats usually have productive and benign neoplasia while dogs usually have non-productive and malignant neoplasia
True
Doggo PM
Hypercalcemia
Rubber jaw (fibrous osteodystrophy)
Small pale kidney
Enlarged mass by thyroid
Dx?
Parathyroid hyperplasia
-> hyperparathyroid
What is the cause of parathyroid hyperplasia?
Hypocalcemia
What two main conditions can cause hypocalcemia leading to parathyroid hyperplasia?
Nutritional
- high P/low Ca
- hypovitamin D
Renal
- high P
- reduced vitD
What is a primary cause of hyperPTH?
Parathyroid adenoma
What neoplasias are associated with pseudohyperparatyroidism?
Anal sac or lymphoma
–> PTH-RP-> hypercalcemia
What is the pathogenesis of fibrous osteodystrophy in hyperPTH patients?
PTH stimulated increased reabsorption of bone
Chronic PTH-> stimulate marrow stromal cells to differentiate into fibroblasts
High P and low vitD -> low Ca-> inability to properly mineralized growth bone due to low Ca and uremic acidosis
