Alimentary 2 Flashcards
What is atresia coli?
Congenital anomalies
Complete occlusion/obliteration of the intestinal lumen
What causes a prominent megacolon due to imperforate anus with concomitant recto-vaginal fistula
Atresia ani
What is lethal white syndrome?
Congenital colonic agangliosis
-> autosomal recessive genetic disorder
Absence of myenteric and submucosal PS ganglia –> immobility and colic
An acquired obstruction of the intestine that is composed of concentric lamellae of magnesium and ammonium phosphate
Enterolith
-> usually forms around a forigen body eg nail or wire
What is a trichobenozar?
Hairball
-> usually in the forestomach and abomasum
What is a phytobezoar?
Composed of mainly plant material impregnated with phosphate salts
What parasite can be found in the intestine of horses and can cause obstruction? What kind of lesion do they cause?
Parascaris equorum
Catharral inflammation
What are causes of acquired stenosis/stricture within the GI tract?
Penetrating wounds
Chronic salmonellosis–>thrombosis and embolism –> common to cause stricture at the transition to distal colon
The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening
Hernia
What is the difference between and internal and external hernia?
Internal- displaced through a foramina in the abdominal cavity
External- displacement outside the abdominal cavity
In an external hernia, the contents are displaced inside a pouch called the _____________ which is composed of the peritoneum and the skin
Hernial sac
If the displaced abdominal contents of a hernia are not covered by peritoneum, the lesion is called an ___________
Eventration
What is the most common cause of intestinal ischemia ?
Venous infarction
What is the difference between a torsion and a volvulus
Torsion-> twist about the long axis of the viscus
Volvulus-> twists of the intestine on its mesenteric axis
Loop of intestine is edematous, congestion, and hemorrhagic
Wall is thickened
Deep red-black appearance
Venous infarction
A diaphragmatic hernia can have what causes?
Congenital
Trauma
Intestinal loops are passing through the greater and lesser omentum, through the epiploic foramen, what type of hernia is this?
Internal hernia
Peduculated lipomas wrapped around loops of intestine cause __________
Strangulation and venous infarction
If the intestine is rotated around its mesenteric axis, it is called ?
Volvulus
If intestine is rotated along its longitudinal axis it is called?
Torsion
Both volvulus and torsion result in the compressions of the ______________ arteries and veins resulting in ischemia
Mesenteric
What is intussusception? What are possible competitions?
When intestine telescopes on itself
Pressure necrosis, bacterial and toxic
Fibrosis
What do you call inflammation of the cecum?
Typhlitis
Virus of cattle that causes multifocal necrotizing colitis and peyers patch necrosis?
Bovine viral diarrhea
Pestivirus
Viral disease of ruminants causing a fibro-necrotizing vasculitis with prominent lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates
Malignant catarrhal fever
Gamma herpesvirus
What is catarrhal inflammation?
Pattern of acute inflammation
Secretion or accumulation of a thick gelatinous fluid with mucus
Catarrhal inflammation is most common in what tissue type?
Tissues with abundant goblet cells and mucus glands
GI and respiratory
What is malignant catarrhal fever?
Fatal, multisystemic disease of cattle and small ruminatns
Targets lymphoid organs and epithelial tissues (musical ulceration)
–> lymphoproliferative, vasculitis, and erosive to ulcerative mucosal lesions.
Gamma herpesvirus
Common cause of neonatal diarrheal in calves due to severe villous atrophy and fusion.
Bovine coronavirus
What is the infectious agent responsible for causing transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE) in piglets?
Porcine coronavirus
Coronavirus predominately replicates in _____________
Enterocytes
–> causes very thin walled intestine
_________ causes diarrhea in young animals by causing damage to surface enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy
Rotavirus
Dog
Diffuse, segmental hyperemic
Formation of diphtheria membrane
What is the cause?
Canine parvovirus
Cat
Segmental fibrinolysis-hemorrhagic enteritis
Panleukopenia (feline parvovirus)
Cat
Fibrinous to granulomatous serositis
Protein rich effusions in body cavities and granulomatous inflammatory lesions in several organs
Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline coronavirus
What are the three immune reactions to feline infectous peritonitis?
Strong cell-mediated -> replication is terminated
Weak cell mediated -> persist in macrophage -> pyogranulomatous (non effusive)
No cell mediated -> viremia -> fibrinonecrotic peritonitis and vasculitis (effusive)
What is the cause of edema disease in pigs?
Verotoxogenic Ecoli
-> endothelial cell injury in arteries -> fluid loss and edema
In pig,
Red and hemorrhagic intestines in the best, fastest growing pigs
Also swelling of the eyelids
Edema disease (vertoxic ecoli)
T/F: E.coli and closteridal enterotoxemia affect the best nourished animals
True
________________ bacteria produces and angiotoxin wihich causes intestinal lesions and symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep
C. Perfringens type D
Chicken
Necrotic vili lined by gram positive bacilli, colonizing the apical border
Clostridum perfrignens type A
What is the main target of clostridum piliforme?
Liver
Tyzzer’s disease
What infection of horses is often associated with antibiotic therapy or dietary changes?
Clostridum perfringens type A or clostridum difficile
-> typhocolitis
What lesions does salmonellosis cause int he intestine?
Edema and hemorrhage
Fibro-necrotizing entero-colitis
In a pig,
Button ulcers and rectal strictures are manifestations of ??
Chronic salmonellosis
What causes a cerebriform appearance of the intestine of a pig?
What is the MDx?
Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative ileitis
What is the disease name for proliferative ileitits caused by lawsonia intracellularis in a pig?
Porcine proliferative enteropathy
What form of porcine proliferative enteropathy has hemorrhage within the lumen of the ileum?
Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
Swine dysentery is caused by ?? What kind of lesions does it cause?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood
Fribronecrotizing
What bacteria causes enterocolitis in young horses?
Rhodococcus equi
Rhodococcus equi is associated with what lesions in the intestines?
Ulcerative and pyogranulomatous
Prominent regional lymphadentitis
Chronic debase in ruminants that is characterized by interemittent to progressive diarrhea, followed by hypoproteinemia, cachexia, emacitaion, and death
Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis)
Histology of cow intestine..
Blunt atrophic ileal villi, hyperplastic crypts
Heavy inflammatory infiltrate in lamina propria and submucosa
Jonhes disease (paratuberculosis)
Boxer dog
Thickened and ulcerated intestinal mucosa
Histology -> severe loss of glandular structure and cellular infiltration with macrophages
Granulomatous colitis
AKA histiocytic ulcerative colitis
Granulomatous colitis in boxers appears to be associated with intramucosal colonization by specific strains of _________
E.coli
What blood sucking parasites cause significant aneimia and hypoproteineia in puppies
Hookworms
Ancylostoma caninum
Uncinaria stenocephala
What cestode can be found within the oleo-cecal valve in the horse?
Anaplocephala perfroliata
What parasite of the cecum and colon cause bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and anemia
Trichuris spp
What causes milk spot liver in pigs?
Ascaris suum
-> capsular fibrosis
Cryptococcus is usually associated with what animals?
Immunosuppressed or young
Eg calf without colostrum
Crytococcus colonized ??? What clinical disease does it cause?
Apical surface of enterocytes
-> intracellular but extracytoplasmic
Malabsorption due to destruction of microvilli
___________ protozoa causing proliferative, hemorrhagic, and necrotizing entertitis in calf
Coccidiosis
Most primary tumors of the intestine are _________
Carcinomas
What is the most common neoplasm in cats? The highest alimentary form of this tumor is present in the cat
Lymphosarcoma
T/F: gastric carcinomas are more common in cats than dogs?
False
Dogs>cat
T/F:Intestinal and colonic adenocarcinomas are more common in cats than dogs
True
