Male Reproduction Flashcards
Where does maturation and maintenance of the sperm take place
Epididymis
When making a tissue preparation of a testicle, how should you make you sections?
Longitudinal sagital section
Bread loaf
Is autolysis more prevalent in rams or bulls?
Rams
Where are the sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial cells produce what hormone? What is another name for the interstitial cells?
Testosterone
Leydig cells
What do you call an animal that has testicles but has the external genitalia of a female
Male pseudohermaphrodites
Is segmental aplasia of the epididymis a significant finding
No, incidental finding
What are the 4 main disease of the scrotum
Dermatitis
Scirrhous cord
Varicocele
Neoplasia
What is varicocele ?
Dilation of the spermatic vein/ pampifniform plexus/ cremasteric veins
What is a scirrhous cord? What species and bacterial do we usually see this in?
Fibrous granulation tissue causing enlargement of the spermatic cord caused by bacterial infection
Horse>staphylococcus infection
What diseases can affect the tunica vaginalis?
Inflammation -> direct extensions from orchitis, epididymis, or scrotal dermatitis
Tumors Eg mesothelioma
What do you call a congenital conditons where one or both testis fails to descend to the scrotum
Cryptorchidism
-> fail to produce sperm and prone to testicular neoplasia or torsion of the spermatic chord
In abdomen or inguinal canal
What do you call the failure of growth of a testicles
Testicular hypoplasia
-bilateral or unilateral
What are causes of testicular degeneration?
Thermal
Cryptorchidims
Hypoplasia
Chemical
In testicular degeneration, ________________ separates the seminiferous tubules causing spermatogenic arrest
Intersitial fibrosis
Also can see multinucleated spermatids
What bacterial infections can cause orchitis?
Brucella
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium
Nocardia
Sterility from orchitis is a result of?
Tubular damage Increased temperature Pressure atrophy/necrosis Bacterial toxin/cytokine production Pus in ejaculate Duct blockage
What do you call inflammation of the epididymis?
Epididymitis
What is a sperm granuloma?
A foreign body inflammatory rxn to sperm that have escaped the tubular structures
May be seen in epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate
What cells are present in a sperm granuloma
Macrophages and multinucleated giant cells coming into contact with spermatozoa
What are the 4 types of testicular neoplasia ?
Interstitial cell tumors
Seminoma
Sertoli cell
Teratoma
A seminoma is a tumor of what type of cells?
Spermatogoinia (germ cells)
What is a predisposing factor for seminoma?
Cryptorchidims
T/F: seminomas are usually metastatic and have effects on the endocrine system
False
Rarely metastatic
No endocrine effect
Dog
Well circumscribed mass in the testicles
White and homogenous
Resembles neoplasic lymphoid tissue
Seminoma
Leydig cell tumors are most commonly seen in what sp?
Dog
What effects will an leydig cell tumor have?
Secrete androgen
Prostate hyperplasia
Dog
Well demarcated, yellow-tan mass
Histo shows
Cells are arranged in packets surrounding a fine stroma typical of endocrine cells.
Cells are vacuolated
Intersitial (leydig) cell tumor
Vacuolation and yellow colour due to hormone production
Dog
Cryptorchid testicle with a well demarcated, firm white mass
Dog has atrophy of mammary gland and teat enlargement
Swelling of the prepuce
Symmetrical alopecia
Sertoli cell tumor
Production of estrogen causes feminization of the male
Young horse
Mass in testis containing CT tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle, and hair
Teratoma
What are the accessory glands?
Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral glands
What accessory glands are found in the horse, bovine, and pig?
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral
What accessory glands are found in the cat?
Prostate
Bulbourethral
What accessory glands are found i the dog?
Prostate
What do you call the reeducation in size and cell number of the prostate, usually occurring following castration
Prostatic atrophy
What is usually the cause of prostatic hyperplasia?
Hormonal imbalances
See glandular hyperplasia and multiple cyst formations
What do you call inflammation of the prostate
Acute and chronic prostatitis
In a histopathology of a prostate …
You see that the columnar epithelial cells have changed to squamous
What is this caused by?
Caused by estrogen
- sertoli cell tumors
- estrogen administration
What do you call a connection between ventral penis and the prepuce causing penile deviation
Persistent frenulum
What congenital defect causes incomplete fusion of the urethral folds
Hyposadia
Non fused prepuce, scrotum and urethral opening on the ventral side
What do you call narrowing of the preputial orfice preventing protrusion of the penis?
Phimosis
What do you call narrowing of preputial orifice preventing retraction of an already protruded penis?
Paraphimosis
Inflammation of the glans penis
Balanitis
Inflammation of the prepuce
Posthitis
What virus of horse cause disease of the penis and prepuce with ulcers that heal leaving unpigmented skin
Equine herpes virus 3 (equine coital exanthema)
In sheep what bacteria causes a granulomatous mass on the penis or prepuce
Corynebacterium
Bovine herpes virus 1 will cause what disease of the penis in bulls?
Balanoposthitis
Inflammation of both glans penis and prepuce
In a dog
Penis has a large multinodular mass i
Histopathology shows
Round, uniform sided cells, arranged in packets and a fine fibrous stroma
Dx
Transmissible venereal tumor
