Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pathology 2 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The conducting system of the respiratory tract induces?

A 
Nasal cavity 
Paranasal sinus
Larynx
Trachea 
Bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What system of the respiratory system is made of only bronchioles, lined by Clara cells

A

Transitional system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What system of the respiratory tracts is made of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries?

A

Exchange system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: bronchioles have goblet cells

A

False

A healthy individual should not have these or very few

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of epithelial cells are found in alveoli?

A 
Type I (membranous) 
Type II (granular) pneumocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The bronchial arteries carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood to the lungs

A

Oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bacteria of normal flora is commonly found in cattle and can cause shipping fever?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: bordetella brochispetica can be found as a normal commenal of the lower respiratory tract

A

False

Lower respiratory tract is considered sterile (no normal flora there)
This can be found as a normal flora of the upper resp tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the the non-immune mediated defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract?

A

Mucous trapping
Mucociliary
Phagocytosis
Air turbulence (coughing or sneezing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What species are intravasular macrophages found in?

A

Ruminant
Cat
Pig
Horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In dogs, rodents, and humans, what cells are responsible form removing circulating bacteria or particles?

A

Kupffer cells (liver) or splenic macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is commonly the cause of epistaxis in old horses?

A

Ethmoidal hematoma

Other causes:
Trauma
Exercised induces
Mycotic infection of the guttural pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A fibrinous rhinitis and formation of a diptheritic membrane in a calf is due to ???

A

Infectious bovine rhiotracheitis (bovine herpesvirus 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What parasite of sheep can be found in the nasal cavity of sheep, sometimes penetrating the into the sinuses or brain cavity?

A

Oestrus ovis (nasal bot)

Commonly see mucous/catarrhal rhinitis
Neurological disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PM of pig

Atrophy of nasal turbinates and deviated nasal septum

Disease name and etiology?

A

Atopic rhinitis

Bordetella brochispetica > toxin against osteoblasts
Pasteurella multocidia > toxin against osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the etiology of inclusion body rhinitis?

A

Porcine cytomegalovirus (suid herpesvirus 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are two viruses of cats causing rhinotracheitis ?

A 
Feline herpesvirus 1 
Feline calicivirus (usually with vesicles/ulcers on tongue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Feline calicivirus can cause what conditions ?

A

Conjunctivitis
Rhinotracheitis
Ulcerative/vesicular stomatitis
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What fungal organisms of dogs can produce a granulomatous rhinitis in the nasal mucosa?

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do you call trapped air in the guttural pouch?

A

Guttural pouch tympany - usually due to a malformation of the distal end of the Eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Horse with .. enlarged guttural pouch and lymph nodes, along with supperative exudate from lesions along the jaw lien

A

Strangles - streptococcus equi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerves and arteries are we concerned about in Stranges?

A

Internal carotid artery > erosion of the artery wall can lead to epistaxis or fatal hemorrhage

CN IV, IX, X, XI, and XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is often the etiologic agent of guttural pouch mycosis ?

A

Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What stains are used to visualize fungal infections?

A

PAS (periodic acid shiff)

GMS (Gomori’s methenamine silver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enzootic nasal carcinoma is found in what species and is caused by what?

A

Sheep

Ovine beta-retrovirus (enzootic nasal tumor virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most likely etiology of calf diphtheria ?

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (bovine herpesvirus 1)

Followed by secondary infection of fusobacterium necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Horse

Roaring sound???

A

Neuropathy of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve -> atrophy of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the cause of tracheal collapse?

Who is this mainly seen in?

A

Widening of the cartilaginous rings causes flattening of the dorsal ligament of the trachea

Miniature/toy dog breeds
Occasionally horse, cattle, and goat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Etiology of fibronecrtozing laryngotracheitis in cattle?

A

infectous bovine rhinotracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What lesions can be seen in a systemic herpesvirus infection in a claf?

A

Ulcerative and necrotizing lesions in the rumen

Foci of necrotic hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the primary pathogen of kennel cough?

A

Bordetella brochispetica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Horse

Head and neck are extended
Nasal flaring
Mucous nasal discharge
Heave line

A

Recurrent airway obstruction

Clinical signs caused by resistance to airflow/ diffuse bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mucous in the airway (bronchioles) of a horse is called ________ ,and in a feline is __________

A

Recurrent airway obstruction

Feline asthma/feline allergic bronchitis/ hyperactive airway disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The blood air barrier is composed of?

A

Vascular endothelium
BM of endothelial cells
BM of type I pneumocytes and its cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hemorrhage in the dorsal caudal portion of the caudal lungs lobes of a race horse

A

Most likely exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Elevation in arterial and capillary pressures during strenuous exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the sequel of bacterial infection leading to pulmonary thromboembolism ?

A

Bacteria in the circulation (eg originating from ruminal epithelium in the case of ruminal acidosis) -> hepatic abscessation -> vena cava thrombosis -> emboli travel to heart and lung causing valvular endocarditis and pulmonary thromboembolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the main pathogenic mechanism leading to pulmonary edema?

A
  1. Increased hydrostatic pressure (cardiogenic edema)
  2. Increased vascular permeability (injury to blood air barrier)
  3. Obstruction to lymphatic drainage. Eg neoplasm of thoracic lymph nodes or vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is pulmonary anthracosis?

A

Carbon deposits int he lungs usually around brochioles

Pinpoint black discoloration
Usually linked with exposure to pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

___________ is an incomplete expansion of lungs (or portions)

A

Atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Pulmonary parachyma is dark-red and sunken. Consistency is fleshy and dense.

A

Atelectasis

Can be acquired (space occupying lesions) or congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are acquired causes of atelectasis ?

A 
Space occupying lesions 
-hydrothorax
-hemothorax 
-pleutitis 
Pneumothorax

Obstructive - inflammation or edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is meconium aspiration syndrome

A

Dystocia -> dedication in the amniotic sac -> inhalation -> patchy atelectasis and development of pulmonary disease

43
Q

___________ is permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls

A

Pulmonary emphysema

-> decrease SA and gas exchange -> respiratory distress

44
Q

Pulmonary emphysema is always secondary to ____________________

A

Obstruction of outflow of air or agonal at slaughter

Freq in animals with bronchopneumonia

45
Q

What are the two types of emphysema in cattle?

A

Bulbous emphysema: large focal air-filled spaces (bulla) –>rupture causes fatal pneumothorax

Interstitial emphysema

46
Q

____________________ is characterized by discoloration (dark red) in the anteroventral portion of the lung

A

Supperative bronchopneumonia

Bacteria from an aerogenous route

47
Q

_________________ is characterized by a discoloured (red with yellow) in the anteroventral portion of the lung

A

Fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Yellow=> fibrous
Eg shipping pneumonia

48
Q

__________________ is characterized by lungs that have and increase in size, may have rib indentations, and have increased consistency

A

Interstitial pneumonia

-viral

49
Q

______________ is characterized by a multifocal dark red discolourations randomly distributed throughout the lungs

A

Embolic pneumonia

-systemic bacterial infections

50
Q

____________________ is characterized by a multifocal yellowish/white discolourations randomly distributed throughout the lungs

A

Granulomatous pneumonia
-> Fungal/mycobacterium

Tumor metastases (a larger lesion will demonstrate that the primary tumor originated in the lungs)

51
Q

______________ is characterized by a multifocal dark-red with yellow, discolourations that is distributed through the middle and caudal lobes the lungs

A

Porcine fibrinous pleuropneumonia

Actinobacillosis

52
Q

______________ is characterized by bronchitis and pneumonia in the distal end of the caudal lung lobes

A

Verminous pneumonia (lung worms)

53
Q

________________ is characterized by a unilateral discolouration in the anteriocaudal lung

A

Aspiration pneumonia

54
Q

_______________ is characterized by unilateral discolouraton in an animal who has had prolonged recumbency

A

Hypostatic congestion

55
Q

What are the viral pneumonias of cattle?

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Para-influenza 3 virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

56
Q

Formation of syncytial cells occurs in _________ and ___________ infections

A

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)

Para-influenza 3 virus

57
Q

What is the etiology of bovine enzootic pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma
Chlamydiophila

Pasteurella 
Trueperella 
Histophilus 
Mannheimia 
E.coli
58
Q

What deficiency in calves prevents the migration of neutrophils forms he capillaries, making them highly susceptible to bronchopneumonia?

A

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BALD)

59
Q

What acute respiratory disease can occur in cattle after shipment ?

A

Shipping fever

Mannheimia heamolytica -> most economically important respiratory disease of cattle in N. America

60
Q

What distribution will shipping fever have in the lungs?

A

Anteroventral

Fibrous bronchopneumonia

61
Q

Lung is bright red with interstial areas filled with fibrin, giving a marbled appearance. What is the MDx?

A

Fibrinous necrotizing supperative pneumonia

Pneumonic mannheimiosis

62
Q

What disease does histophilus somni cause and what lesions will it cause in the lungs?

A

Sleepers sickness

Supperative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia

63
Q

What bacteria is the most important cause of chronic respiratory disease in North American feedlot cattle?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

Chronic necrotizing bronchopneumonia

64
Q

What type of necrosis is seen in bronchopneumonia caused by mycoplasma bovis

A

Caseous necrosis

- loss of architecture, surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells

65
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia in cattle. What should you suspect as a primary etiology?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

Will also see lesions in retropharyngeal l.n., lungs, thoracic and mesenteric l.n.

66
Q

What are the lungworms found in cattle, sheep, and equids?

A

Dictylocaulus viviparus - cattle
Dictylocaulus filaria - sheep and goat
Dictylocaulus arnfeldi- equids

67
Q

Cattle

Interstitial pneumonia and broncititis, located in the caudal lung lobes. You also see catarrhal discharge

A

Caudal lung lobes-> parasitic

Lung worms of cattle==> dictylocaulus viviparus

68
Q

Pig
You see numerous thin and elongated worms within the terminal bronchi of the caudal lung lobes. What is your MDx? Etiology?

A

Verminous bronchitis/pneumonia

Metastrongylus spp

69
Q

Cow with…. Edema, interstitial emphysema, hyaline membranes, type II pneumocytes hyperplasia and interstitial fibrosis

A

atypical interstitial pneumonia

70
Q

What are common syndromes causing atypical interstitial pneumonia?

A

Bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (fog fever)

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Reinfection syndrome (dictylocaulus sp or BRSV)

Milk allergy

Ingestion of moldy potatoes -> 4-ipomeanol is metabolized by mixed function oxydases in the lung (Clara cells)

71
Q

What is fog fever?

A

Boveine pulmonary edema and emphysema

Cattle grazing on ‘fog’ pastures (re-growth pasture after a hay or silage has been cut or lush green)

L-tryptophan is present and metabolized to 3methylindole ->absorbed into the blood and carried to lungs ->

Clara cells and mixed function oxidase metabolize to pneumotoxic compound –> necrosis of bronchioles epithelial cells and type I pneumocytes (diffuse aveolar damage)

72
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is most commonly seen in adult diary cows during what season?

A

Winter

73
Q

What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Type III hypersensitivity rxn to inhaled organic antigens, most commonly fungal spores in moldy hay –> deposit of Ag-Ab complex in lungs

74
Q

What viruses cause pneumonia in sheep?

A

PI-3
RSV
Maedi-visna

75
Q

Maedi is also known as ____________________, and occurs where in the world?

A

Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)

Australia and New Zealand

76
Q

What virus of sheep results n lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and may also cause a nonpsupperative encephalitis, lymphocytic arthritis, and lymphofollicular mastitis and vasculitis?

A

Maedi (maedi-visna)

Ovine lenivirus

77
Q

What bacteria are involved in chronic enzootic pneumonia in sheep?

A

Mannheimia hemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Chlamydophila
Mycoplasma ovipenumoniaee

78
Q

A septicemic pasteurellosis causing necrotizing pharyngitis and tonsillitis, septicemia with disseminated intravasular thrombosis and bacteremia, is usually caused by ______________ in lambs under three months and by _____________ in lambs 5-12months

A

Mannheimia hemolytica; Biberstenia trehalosi

79
Q

What is the etiologic agent causing verminous bronchitis in sheep and goats?

A 
Dictylocaulus filaria 
Muellerius capillaries (sheep only)
80
Q

What viruses are important causes of pneumonia in horses?

A

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1 and EHV-4)
Equine influenza
Equine viral arteritis
Equine adenovirus

81
Q

Viral respiratory infections in horses can predispose them to what disease?

A

Airway hyper-responsiveness

Recurrent airway obstruction

82
Q

Interstitial pneumonia due to ____________ or _________ infection are a common complication in Arabian foals with SCID

A

Adenovirus; pneumocystis carinii

83
Q

What bacterial organism is an important cause of chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals worldwide

A

Rhodococcus equi

-> virulence factors encoded on plasmids

84
Q

What is responsible for the extensive caseous necrosis of the lungs seen in infections with Rhodococcus equi?

A

Cytokines, lysosomal enzymes and bacterial toxins

–> recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and giant cells

85
Q

T/F: Rhodococcus equi is a potential zoonotic microorganism and can infect immunocompromised people

A

True

86
Q

What are the viral pneumonias of pigs?

A

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Swine influenza

Postweaning multi systemic wasting syndrome (porcine circovirus 2)

Porcine respiratory coronavirus

87
Q

What bacteria of pigs induces supperative or catarrhal bronchopneumonia with BALT hyperplasia

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

88
Q

PM of pig

Abnormal amounts of fibrin in thoracic and abdominal cavity.
This is characteristic of what disease?

A

Glassers disease

Hemophilus parasuis

89
Q

PM of pig

hemorrhagic necrosis that is locally extensive across the the dorsal area of the caudal lobes of the lungs

This is pathoneumonic for what disease?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

On a cut surface of the lung, will appear marbeled

90
Q

What are the two most common infectious pneumonias of dogs?

A

Infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)

Canine distemper

Also canine adenovirus type 2, canine herpesvirus 1, and canine influenza

91
Q

Non infectious pneumonias of dogs are caused by?

A

Toxity

Uremia and Paraquat (herbicide)

92
Q

PM on a dog..

Necrotic tissue localized to the crainial lung lobes of the left side of the lung

What is the most likely cause?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

Can see other focal areas of necrosis in the pulmonary tissue

93
Q

Dog with widely spread mineralization in the alveolar septate

A

Uremic pneumonia

94
Q

T/F: pneumonias are common in cats?

A

False

Upper respiratory infections are common in cats

95
Q

What lung worm can be found in cats?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Snail and slug IH
Nodules in lungs will contain larvae and eggs

96
Q

A common tumor in cats and dogs, lungs have multifocal areas of blood filled cysts.

A

Hemangiosarcoma

97
Q

PM in dog

Multifocal areas of black pigmentation on the surface of the lung

Dx?

A

Melanoma

98
Q

Dog with

Pale-tan areas of regeneration in the lungs
Hydrothorax
Lungs have multifocal areas of atelectasis

Dx

A

Severe chronic hepatitis

Fatty change in liver -> generalized edema -> hydrothorax -> atelectasis due to pressure of fluid on lungs

99
Q

Milky white fluid in the thoracic cavity of a dog?

A

Chylothroax

100
Q

Fibrinous pleuritis in a horse is due to???

A

Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus

Shipping fever

101
Q

Pasteurella multocida infection in a cat can lead to ___________

A

Pyothorax

102
Q

Chronic pleutitis with sulfur granules is associated with what bacteria?

A

Nocardia

103
Q

______________________ seen mainly in cattle can be congenital and is associated with inhalation of asbestos

A

Mesothelioma

RUSVM Pathology 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions