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RUSVM Pathology 2 > Alimentary > Flashcards

Alimentary Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: dogs and cats develop alimentary neoplasia more often than farm animals

A

True

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2
Q

What should a normal oral or gastro-intestinal mucosa look like?

A

Smooth and shiny

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3
Q

What are some of the mechanisms against disease for the alimentary system?

A 
Saliva 
Gastric pH
Immunoglobulins 
Vomiting 
Intestinal proteolytic enzymes 
Phagocytosis 
High rate of epithelial turnover 
Increases peristalsis
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4
Q

What is palatoschisis?

A

Cleft palate

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5
Q

What is cheiloschisis?

A

Cleft lip

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6
Q

What are toxins that can can a palatoschisis or cheiloschisis?

A

Teratogenic plants

  • Veratrum californicum
  • Lupines
  • poison hemlock

Maternal exposure to drugs

  • griesofulivin (mares and queens)
  • steroids (primates)
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7
Q

What is a malocclusion ?

A

Failure to the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly

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8
Q

In what cases do you see “step mouth”

A

Abnormal wearing of the teeth

Common in herbivores

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9
Q

What disease is present when resident bacterial films, acid, and enzymes lead to enamel, gingival, and periodontal ligament damage

A

Periodontal disease

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10
Q

What do you call mineralized dental plaque?

A

Dental calculus

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11
Q

A major part of chronic periodontal disease is the resorption of __________________

A

Alveolar bone

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12
Q

__________________ can be due to both a canine distemper in dogs or due to intrauterine BVD in the calf

A

Enamel hypoplasia

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13
Q

A primary disease of the tongue that is most commonly seen in cattle

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Wooden tongue

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14
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii causes what type of lesion?

A

Pyogranulomatous foci

With radiation amorphous eosinophilic material

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15
Q

A disease of young animals that have been treated for antibiotics for long periods of time and causes hyperkeratosis of the tongue

A

Thrush (candidiasis)

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16
Q

Cat with bright red gingiva
Very painful
Histology shows… plasma cells, histiocytes, and lymphocytes

A

Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis

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17
Q

Cat with oral pain, dysphasia, ptyalism and weight loss
Inflammation at base of tongue
What is the disease name ?

A

Feline chronic gingivitis-stomatitis

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18
Q

In an older dog
Along the gingiva and upper lip…
redness with congestion and erosion

A

Chronic ulcerative (lymphoma-pasmactyic) paradental stomatitis

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19
Q

What causes vesicular stomatitides in the cat?

A

Calicivirus infection

Vesicular glossitis

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20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides?

A

Pathogenesis: viral induced epithelial damage–> intracellular edema in keratinocytes (ballooning degeneration)–> vesicles —> bulla –> rupture leads to erosion and ulceration

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21
Q

Vesicular stomatitis on a farm
Only the ruminants and pigs are affected, the horses are showing no signs of illness
EDX:

A

Foot and mouth disease (picornaviridae)

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22
Q

Vesicular stomatitis on a farm infecting the ruminants, pigs, and horses?

A

Vesicular stomatitis (rhabdovirus)

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23
Q

Your pig farm has a outbreak of vesicular stomatitis, what are the possible EDX?

A

Foot and mouth - picornovius
Vesicular stomatitis - rhabdovirus
Vesicular exanthema of swine - calicivirus
Swine vesicular disease -enterovirus

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24
Q

T/F: foot and mouth disease is a high contagious disease with low morbidity and high mortality

A

False

High morbidity and low mortality

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25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FMD?

A

Ingest or inhale virus -> pharynx -> viremia -> oral mucosal and epidermal sites -> lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury

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26
Q

The malignant form of FMD occurs in young animals and is characterized by ?

A

Myocardial necrosis

“Tiger heart”

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27
Q

A viral disease that occurs only in pigs that causes vesicles and ulcers around the snout and oral cavity

A

Vesicular exanthema (calicivirus)

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28
Q

BVD and malignant catarrhal fever both cause what type of stomatitides ??

A

Erosive-ulcerative

BVD will also cause enamel hypoplasia

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29
Q

Bovine papular stomatitis is caused by?? Where do you see the lesions?

A

Parapoxvius

Nares, muzzle, oral cavity

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30
Q

In a sheep…

Loss of condition of sheep
Pustules and vesicles around the nose and mouth

EDX?

A

Orf AKA contagious ecthyma AKA contagious viral pustular dermatitis AKA sore mouth

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31
Q

What filamentous bacteria causes oral necrobacillosis and necrotizing lesions on the hoofs?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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32
Q

What causes an ulcerative an necrotizing inflammation of the buccal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa. Sometimes with a fibronecrotizing membrane

A

Calf diphtheria

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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33
Q

In a cat

Bright red, enlarged buccal mucsoa

A

Feline eosinophilic granuloma

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34
Q

What are the three types of eosinophilic immune responses in cats

A

Feline eosinophilic plaque (cutaneous)

Feline eosinophilic granuloma (cutaneous/mucous)

Indolent ulcer (upper lip)

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35
Q

Histologically, what is characteristic of equine eosinophilic granuloma?

A

Flame figures

-degerative collagen

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36
Q

What is the generic clinical term for tumor-like masses on the gingiva?

A

Epulis

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37
Q

What are reactive hyperplasia lesions that can be found in the oral cavity

A

Pyogenic granuloma -bright red on gums of dogs

Peripheral giant cell granuloma -gingival mass that can be smooth, sessile, or preduculated

Fibrous hyperplasia - generalized and diffuse or foal, localized to one or more teeth

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38
Q

A tumor of the periodontal ligament

A

Fibromatous epulis

39
Q

Are fibromatous and ossifying epulis benign OR malignant

A

Benign

40
Q

Cauliflower like Ellison on the lips and oral mucosa of dog?

EDX?

A

Canine papilloma virus 1 and 13

AKA

Canine oral papillomatosis

41
Q

What lesion appears in histology as a verrucous lesions composed of thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covering a pendunculate CT core

A

Oral papilloma

42
Q

What is the most common oral malignancy in dogs?

A

Oral melanoma

43
Q

What is the most common oral malignancy in cats?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

44
Q

What oral neoplasm in horses is usually locally invasive, hard, malignant, but rarely metastasizes?

A

Fibrosarcoma

45
Q

Define aptyalism

A

Reduced or absent saliva secretion

46
Q

Define sialoliths

A

Calcareous concretion or calculus in salivary duct or gland

47
Q

Define ptyalism

A

Increased saliva secretion

48
Q

Define sialocele

A

Salivary mucocele, accumulation of salivary secretion in single or multiloculated cavity not line by secretory epithelium in the soft tissue of mouth or neck

49
Q

Define sialoadenitis

A

Inflammation of salivary glands

50
Q

Congenital megaesophagus is caused by/?

A

Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA)

-> aorta develops form the right and loops around esophagus causing strangulation and dilation of the cranial portion of the esophagus

51
Q

Megaesophagus is AKA?

A

Esophageal ectasia

52
Q

What are acquired causes of megaesophagus?

A

Idiopathic

Manifestation of myasthenia gravis (poor muscle constriction)

53
Q

What is the sequela of megaesophagus?

A

Malnutrition
emaciantion, dehydration, osteopenia
Rhinitis and aspiration pneumonia

54
Q

A zone/band of necrosis within the esophagus is likely due to?

A

Esophageal obstruction/impaction

–> can lead to secondary bacterial infection

55
Q

Linear area of hemorrhage within he esophagus and erosion of the lower part of esophagus

A

Reflux- esophagitis

–> acidic gastric juices build up in esophagus

56
Q

Reflux-esophagtitis is most commonly seen when???

A

Dog and cat

Surgery involving general anesthesia

57
Q

What is the DDX for multifocal erosive-ulcerative esophatitis in cattle?

A

BVD
Bovine papular stomatitis
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Rinderpest (eradicated)

58
Q

What is the EDX for multifocal erosive-ulcerative esophagitis in cat

A

Feline calicivirus

59
Q

In dog

Granulomatous esophagitis
Sarcomatous lesions->Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

EDX

A

Parasitic esophagitis

Spirocera lupi

60
Q

Gongylonema pulchrum parasite migrates through the esophageal mucosa causing blood filled tracks and small hematoma. What is the significance to the ruminant?

A

None-> no clinical consequence

61
Q

What do you call over-distention of the rumen and recticulum by gases produced during fermentation

A

Ruminants tympany or bloat

62
Q

What is a primary cause of ruminal bloat

A

New diet (eg alfalfa)

63
Q

What is a secondary cause of ruminal bloat?

A

Physical or functional obstruction of the esophagus –> failure to eructate

64
Q

What is a indicator of ante-mortem bloat in cattle?

A

Bloat line

65
Q

What can the sequel of tramautic recticularis be in cattle?

A

Recticuloperitonitis (hardware)

Vagus indigestion and ruminal atony

Chronic pericarditis and epicarditis (necrosupperative )

66
Q

A chemical rumenitits can be caused by ___________ in cattle and leads to epidermal destruction

A

Lactic acidosis -> grain overload

67
Q

What is the main complication of F necrophorus rumentitis?

A

Liver absences

68
Q

What does F necrophorus cause in the rumen?

A

Plaques of coalescing ares of necrosis on rumenal mucosa

69
Q

What is a stellate ulcer?

A

Healed ulcer in rumenal mucosa (rumenal scar) – fibrous CT

70
Q

Hyperemia of the rumen
Submucosal venular thrombosis

EDX?

A

Mycotic rumentitis (fungus localized int he vessel walls)

71
Q

Dog (large breed)

Progressive abdominal distention
Non-producing retching
Hypersalivation
Restlessness

A

Gastric dilatation-volvulus

Leads to venous infraction due to strangulation

72
Q

Disease occurring most commonly in post-parturent dairy cows that causes abdominal pain, elevated HR, anorexia, dehydration, depressed peristalsis with lack of feces and abomasal tympany

A

Abdominal displacement

73
Q

How can you tell an ante-mortem from a post-mortem gastric rupture ?

A

Ante mortem: borders are congested and reddened

Post-mortem: no Redding, still contains food

74
Q

Most gastric ruptures in horses are due to ??

A

Intestinal obstruction (ileus)

Can by adynamic or mechanical

75
Q

What is your top dx for a pig with gastric ulceration?

A

Pigs fed finely ground rations
High wheat component with low protein

High copper
High unsaturated FA
Histamine stress

76
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ulceration caused by NSAIDS?

A

Decreased prostaglandin synthesis –> Loss of epithelium

77
Q

T/F: most gastic uclers in cat and dog are idiopathic

A

True

78
Q

What type of neoplasm can be associated with gastric ulcer?

A

Mast cell tumor

-> histamine bind to parietal cells and increase HCl secretion

79
Q

What are possible causes of ulcers?

A 
NSAID 
Steroid 
Stress
Mast cell tumor or matocytosis 
Islet cell tumor or gastronomes
80
Q

What location in the horse is predisposed to ulceration caused by NSAIDS?

A

Right dorsal colon

Has net water secretion in this section

81
Q

Thrombosis and hemorrhage in the stomach of a pig can be secondary to?

A

Endotoxemia or bacterial sepsis

Salmonellosis 
E.coli 
Hemophilus parasuis (Glassers disease) 
Erysipelas 
Swine dysentery 
PSNS (PCV-2)
82
Q

Uremic gastropathy causes what type of lesions?

A

Hypertrophic mucosa

Widespread gastric mineralization

83
Q

Clostridum septicum causes what in lambs?

A

Abomasitis (braxy)
Necro-hemorrhagic with submucosal emphysema

-congestion and deposits of fibrin

84
Q

___________ abomastitis is often a sequel of long-term antibiotic therapy which destroys resident bacterial flora

A

Mycotic

–> aspergillus, absidia, rhizopus, and mucor spp.

85
Q

In the stomach..
Multifocal, bright red hemorrhagic lesions

Most likely cause?

A

Mycotic

Fungus targets and destroy vessel walls

86
Q

Larvae causing erosive-ulcerative lesions in the stomach of horse

A

Gasterophilus nasalis/intestinalis

87
Q

What causes the “Moroccan leather” appearance of abdominal mucosa

A

Ostertagia spp

Proliferative (hyperplastic) abbomasitis

88
Q

What causes granulomaout gastritis in the horse

A

Draschia megastoma (nematode)

-> brood pouch close to Margo plicatus

89
Q

Sheep

Bottle jaw
Pale mucous membranes
Abomatitis

A

Haemoncus contours “barberpole worm”

-> leads to blood loss, anemia, and hypoproteinemia

90
Q

Type of neoplasm found in the stomach of horse? Will you find similar neoplasm in dogs

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Not in dogs-> do not have squamous epithelium

91
Q

Small tiny white masses implanted in peritoneum of horse. What type of neoplasm???

A

Peritoneal carconomatosis

92
Q

T/F: lymphosarcoma can be associated with the stomach in the lamina propria

A

True

93
Q

What virus is responsible for lymphosarcoma in the abomasum of a cow?

A

Bovine leukemia virus

-> abomasal involved with ulceration of abomasal folds

RUSVM Pathology 2 (16 decks)

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