Gallbaldder And Pancreas Flashcards
What is the function of bile secretions?
Digestion of dietary fat
Excretory route for metabolites and drugs
Buffer to neutralize acid pH from the stomach
________________ is a common result of fasting but can also be seen in Lantana camara toxicosis
Gallbladder distention
Concretions of normally soluble component of bile
Choleliths (gallstones)
-composed of bile, cholesterol, pigments, and bile salts, Ca,
What are common causes of biliary obstruction?
Cholangitis
Parasite
Fibrosis
Cholelithiasis (gall stones
Biliary obstruction can result in????
Post hepatic jaundice
Hepatic atrophy
Biliary fibrosis
What are common causes of gallbladder edema?
Right sided heart failure
Infectious canine hepatitis
_____________ chloecystitis in calves can result form acute salmonellosis or yersiniosis
Fibrinous
_____________ cholecystitis can be caused by salmonellosis or arsenic toxicosis in cattle
Hemorrhagic
What is associated with mucocele (mucus cyst)
Gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia –> proliferation of mucus-producing glands affecting walls of gallbladder and bile ducts
What types of gallbladder neoplasias have been described?
Adenoma or carcinoma
–> thickening of wall and discolouration of adjacent liverr
T/F: like the liver, the pancreas has good regenerative capacity
False
Pancreas has very limited regenerative capacity
What clinical signs can be associated with pancreatic disease?
Steatorrrhea
Diarrhea
Weight loss despite polyphagia
Acute-> severe abdominal pain
T/F: Anomalous tail and ectopic pancrease are incidental findings
True
Dislocation of portions of the duodenal buds during embryonic development leads to _____________
Ectopic pancreas
-> small noduels embedded in submucosal or muscularis of stomach/intestine/gallbladder/spleen/mesentary
T/F: in dogs, pancreatic hypoplasia is a defect of the acinar tissue; the islet cell tissue may be normal
False
- > pancreatic hypoplasia occurs in calves(born this way)
- > dogs get pancreatic atrophy (acquired)
Juvenile pancreatic atrophy is most frequent in what breed of dogs?
German shepherds -> autosomal recessive trait
Pancreatic atrophy can be secondary to ???
Duct obstruction
Chronic inflammation
Neoplasia
What PM change should you be aware of when examining pancreatic tissue?
Autolysis –> rupture of cells and release of enzymes
Starvation results in loss of ____________________ of acinar cells of the pancreas
Zymogen granules
Acute pancreatitis is AKA ?
Acute pancreatic necrosis
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
-> inflmmaiton and necrosis coexist in pancreas
__________________ results from inappropriate activate of pancreatic pro-enzymes
Acute pancreatitis
–> autodigestion of pancreas and adipose tissue –. Inflammation
What are predisposing factors on acute pancreatitis
Female, middle-aged to old, overweight/obese, sedentary dogs
Often after a high fat meal
Dog with…
Severe abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse in shock
Acute pancreatitis
Animals surviving acute pancreatitis can develop???
Endocrine and exocrine insufficiency
Pancreas
Swollen , edematous
Hemorrhagic
Focal areas of grey-white discoloration
Acute pancreatitis
What type of necrosis do you see in acute pancreatitis ?
Fat necrosis -> chalky white (saponification of adipose tissue)
Histology of pancreas..
Interlobular stroma is edematous and contains fibrin
Hemorrhage
Inflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils)
Necrosis and thrombosis of blood vessels
Acute pancreatitis
Pancrease with fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy
Chronic pancreatitis
What fungi of warm, humid regions causes a chronic pancreatitis marked my a scirrhous reaction
Phycomycosis
In horses chronic pancreatitis is often secondary to ?
Parasitic migration (strongylus equinus)
Ascending bacterial infection
Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis
What is pancreatic lithiasis?
Calculi (stones) formed in pancreatic duct consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium phosate
Pancreatic lithiasis can be found as a consequence to??
Inflammation
Erratic liver fluke migration
In what species is pancreatic lithiasis an incidental finding
Cattle (never large but very numerous like sand grains)
Incidental finding in old dogs, cats, and cattle, that occurs in many foci and involves only the exocrine tissue.
Flat elevations that are whiter and more firm than the surrounding tissue.
Nodular hyperplasia
–> often difficult to differentiate form exocrine pancreatic adenoma
How is nodular hyperplasia differentiated form pancreatic adenoma?
Histologically
Hyperplasia -> cells of uniform size and shape, non-encapsulated and no not compress surrounding parenchyma
A benign tumor of the exocrine pancreas
Pancreatic adenoma
A malignant tumor of the exocrine pancrease
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic adenoma are rare but occasionally seen in ??
Old cats
How do pancreatic adenoma appear histologically?
Surrounded by thick fibrous CT capsule
Well demarcated, originating form pancreatic acini or duct
Can be single or multiple
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas appear how?
Less spherical and circumscribed
Resemblance to scar tissue
Where are common places to see metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma ??
Implant in peritoneum
Liver
Local lymph nodes
Involved bile ducts and cause jaundice
Invade duodenum
The movement of a pancreastic adenocarcinoma from the pancrease to the peritoneal surface is what kind of movement?
Transceolomic translocation (surface oriented)
