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RUSVM Pathology 2 > Gallbaldder And Pancreas > Flashcards

Gallbaldder And Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of bile secretions?

A

Digestion of dietary fat

Excretory route for metabolites and drugs

Buffer to neutralize acid pH from the stomach

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2
Q

________________ is a common result of fasting but can also be seen in Lantana camara toxicosis

A

Gallbladder distention

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3
Q

Concretions of normally soluble component of bile

A

Choleliths (gallstones)

-composed of bile, cholesterol, pigments, and bile salts, Ca,

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4
Q

What are common causes of biliary obstruction?

A

Cholangitis

Parasite

Fibrosis

Cholelithiasis (gall stones

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5
Q

Biliary obstruction can result in????

A

Post hepatic jaundice
Hepatic atrophy
Biliary fibrosis

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6
Q

What are common causes of gallbladder edema?

A

Right sided heart failure

Infectious canine hepatitis

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7
Q

_____________ chloecystitis in calves can result form acute salmonellosis or yersiniosis

A

Fibrinous

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8
Q

_____________ cholecystitis can be caused by salmonellosis or arsenic toxicosis in cattle

A

Hemorrhagic

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9
Q

What is associated with mucocele (mucus cyst)

A

Gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia –> proliferation of mucus-producing glands affecting walls of gallbladder and bile ducts

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10
Q

What types of gallbladder neoplasias have been described?

A

Adenoma or carcinoma

–> thickening of wall and discolouration of adjacent liverr

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11
Q

T/F: like the liver, the pancreas has good regenerative capacity

A

False

Pancreas has very limited regenerative capacity

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12
Q

What clinical signs can be associated with pancreatic disease?

A

Steatorrrhea
Diarrhea
Weight loss despite polyphagia

Acute-> severe abdominal pain

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13
Q

T/F: Anomalous tail and ectopic pancrease are incidental findings

A

True

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14
Q

Dislocation of portions of the duodenal buds during embryonic development leads to _____________

A

Ectopic pancreas

-> small noduels embedded in submucosal or muscularis of stomach/intestine/gallbladder/spleen/mesentary

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15
Q

T/F: in dogs, pancreatic hypoplasia is a defect of the acinar tissue; the islet cell tissue may be normal

A

False

  • > pancreatic hypoplasia occurs in calves(born this way)
  • > dogs get pancreatic atrophy (acquired)
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16
Q

Juvenile pancreatic atrophy is most frequent in what breed of dogs?

A

German shepherds -> autosomal recessive trait

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17
Q

Pancreatic atrophy can be secondary to ???

A

Duct obstruction
Chronic inflammation
Neoplasia

18
Q

What PM change should you be aware of when examining pancreatic tissue?

A

Autolysis –> rupture of cells and release of enzymes

19
Q

Starvation results in loss of ____________________ of acinar cells of the pancreas

A

Zymogen granules

20
Q

Acute pancreatitis is AKA ?

A

Acute pancreatic necrosis
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

-> inflmmaiton and necrosis coexist in pancreas

21
Q

__________________ results from inappropriate activate of pancreatic pro-enzymes

A

Acute pancreatitis

–> autodigestion of pancreas and adipose tissue –. Inflammation

22
Q

What are predisposing factors on acute pancreatitis

A

Female, middle-aged to old, overweight/obese, sedentary dogs

Often after a high fat meal

23
Q

Dog with…

Severe abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse in shock

A

Acute pancreatitis

24
Q

Animals surviving acute pancreatitis can develop???

A

Endocrine and exocrine insufficiency

25
Q

Pancreas

Swollen , edematous
Hemorrhagic
Focal areas of grey-white discoloration

A

Acute pancreatitis

26
Q

What type of necrosis do you see in acute pancreatitis ?

A

Fat necrosis -> chalky white (saponification of adipose tissue)

27
Q

Histology of pancreas..

Interlobular stroma is edematous and contains fibrin
Hemorrhage
Inflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils)

Necrosis and thrombosis of blood vessels

A

Acute pancreatitis

28
Q

Pancrease with fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy

A

Chronic pancreatitis

29
Q

What fungi of warm, humid regions causes a chronic pancreatitis marked my a scirrhous reaction

A

Phycomycosis

30
Q

In horses chronic pancreatitis is often secondary to ?

A

Parasitic migration (strongylus equinus)

Ascending bacterial infection

Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis

31
Q

What is pancreatic lithiasis?

A

Calculi (stones) formed in pancreatic duct consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium phosate

32
Q

Pancreatic lithiasis can be found as a consequence to??

A

Inflammation

Erratic liver fluke migration

33
Q

In what species is pancreatic lithiasis an incidental finding

A

Cattle (never large but very numerous like sand grains)

34
Q

Incidental finding in old dogs, cats, and cattle, that occurs in many foci and involves only the exocrine tissue.
Flat elevations that are whiter and more firm than the surrounding tissue.

A

Nodular hyperplasia

–> often difficult to differentiate form exocrine pancreatic adenoma

35
Q

How is nodular hyperplasia differentiated form pancreatic adenoma?

A

Histologically

Hyperplasia -> cells of uniform size and shape, non-encapsulated and no not compress surrounding parenchyma

36
Q

A benign tumor of the exocrine pancreas

A

Pancreatic adenoma

37
Q

A malignant tumor of the exocrine pancrease

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

38
Q

Pancreatic adenoma are rare but occasionally seen in ??

A

Old cats

39
Q

How do pancreatic adenoma appear histologically?

A

Surrounded by thick fibrous CT capsule

Well demarcated, originating form pancreatic acini or duct

Can be single or multiple

40
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinomas appear how?

A

Less spherical and circumscribed

Resemblance to scar tissue

41
Q

Where are common places to see metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma ??

A

Implant in peritoneum
Liver
Local lymph nodes

Involved bile ducts and cause jaundice

Invade duodenum

42
Q

The movement of a pancreastic adenocarcinoma from the pancrease to the peritoneal surface is what kind of movement?

A

Transceolomic translocation (surface oriented)

RUSVM Pathology 2 (16 decks)

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