Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • receive 25 percent of the cardiac output
  • major excretory organs of the urinary system
  • produces urine
A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • receive urine from the kidneys
  • conduct urine to the urinary bladder by gravity and peristalsis
A

ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • receives and stores urine
  • contraction of muscle in walls drives urination
A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • conducts urine from the bladder to outside the body
A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • adjusting blood volume and blood pressure
  • regulation of blood plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and other ions
  • stabilizing blood pH
  • conserving valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
  • removing drugs and toxins from the bloodstream
A

Functions of the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • paired
  • reddish, bean-shaped
A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Kidney is a retroperitoneal organ because its location is ______________
A

posterior to the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kidneys are located between the levels of the last _________ vertebrae and ____________ vertebrae, partially protected by the ______ and _______ ribs

A
  • thoracic
  • 3rd lumbar
  • 11th
  • 12th
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • ________ kidney is lightly lower than the ________ because of the liver occupying the space on the right side above the kidney
A

right, left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Length of kidney?

A

10 - 12 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

width of kidney

A

5 - 7 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thickness of kidney?

A

3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Weight of kidney?

A

135 - 150 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indentation at the center of a kidney is called what?

A

renal hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Part of kidney where the ureter, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics emerge

A

Renal hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 coverings of the kidney

A
  • renal capsule (fibrous capsule)
  • adipose capsule (perinephric fat)
  • renal fascia (gerota’s fascia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • covers the outer surface of the kidney
  • projects collagen fibers through the perinephric fat to the renal fascia
A

Renal capsule (fibrous capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Covering of the kidney consisting of thick layer of adipose tissue
A

adipose capsule (perinephric fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • covering of the kidney that anchors kidney to the surrounding structures
A

renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • innermost layer
  • smooth, transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue continuous with the other coat of the ureter
  • serves as a barrier for trauma
  • helps maintain the shape of the kidney
A

Renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • middle layer
  • mass of fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule
  • also protects the kidney from trauma and holds it firmly in place within the abdominal cavity
A

Adipose capsule (perinephric fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • outer most layer
  • thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue
  • anchors kidney to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall
A

Renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 regions of the kidney?

A
  • renal cortex
  • renal medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • superficial light red region
  • smooth texture
  • extends from renal capsule, the bases of renal pyramids and into the bases between them
A

renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • periods of cortex that extend between the renal pyramids
A

renal columns of Bertini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • deep, darker reddish brown inner region
  • consists of several renal pyramids
A

renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • cone shaped
  • base (wider end) faces the cortex
  • apex (narrower end) points towards the renal hilum
A

renal pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

apex of renal pyramid is also known as?

A

renal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • these constitute the parenchyma of the kidney
  • contains millions of nephrons
A

Renal cortex and renal pyramids of the renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

middle indentation in the kidney

A

renal hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

collects urine from a single kidney lobe

A

minor calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

forms from the fusion of 4-5 minor calyces

A

major calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from major calyces
  • continuous with the ureter
A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

filtrate formed by the nephrons drain into the large ___________ which extend through the renal papillae of the pyramids

A

papillary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

papillary ducts drain into the __________________

A

minor and major calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pathway of filtrate/urine?

A
  • collecting ducts
  • papillary ducts
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

once the filtrate enters the calyces it becomes urine because ___________________

A

no further reabsorption can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 components of nephron

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • renal tubule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

in this component:
* blood pressure forces water and solutes out of the glomerular capillaries in process called filtration
* produces filtrate that is collected in the surrounding capsular space

A

renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

in this component:

  • tubular passageway up to 50 mm long
  • receives filtrate and modifies it to create urine
A

renal tubule

42
Q

4 segments of a nephron?

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • distal convoluted tubule
43
Q
  • contains glomerular capsule
  • glomerulus
A

renal corpuscle

44
Q
  • reabsorbs nutrients from filtrate (now called tubular fluid)
A

proximal convoluted tubule

45
Q
  • establishes osmotic gradient for water reabsorption
  • each limb contains a thin segment and a thick segment
A

nephron loop

46
Q
  • adjusts tubular fluid composition by reabsorption and secretion
A

distal convoluted tubule

47
Q

series of tubes carrying tubular fluid away from nephron

A

collecting system

48
Q
  • collects fluid from many nephron
  • carries fluid through the renal medulla
A

COLLECTING DUCT

49
Q

the collecting duct is lined with two main type of cells which are?

A
  • intercalated cells
  • principal cells
50
Q

CELL IN COLLECTING DUCT that play a role in secreting and reabsorbing hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

A

intercalated cells

51
Q

CELL IN COLLECTING DUCT THAT reabsorb water and secrete potassium

A

principal cells

52
Q
  • collects fluid from multiple collecting ducts
  • delivers fluid to minor calyx
A

papillary duct

53
Q

2 types of nephron

A
  • cortical nephron
  • juxtamedullary nephrons
54
Q
  • 85% of all nephron
  • located primarily in the cortex
  • responsible for most regulatory functions
A

cortical nephrons

55
Q
  • 15% of all nephrons
  • long nephron loop extending deep into medulla
  • essential to producing concentrated urine
A

juxtamedullary nephrons

56
Q
  • delivers blood into kidney and branches into segmental arteries
A

renal artery

57
Q
  • segmental arteries branch into __________ in the renal sinus
A

interlobar arteries

58
Q
  • Segmental arteries branch into __________ which arch long the boundary between renal cortex and renal medulla
A

arcuate arteries

59
Q

Arcuate arteries branch into?

A

cortical radiate arteries/interlobular arteries

60
Q

cortical radiate arteries branch into _______________ which supply each nephron, specifically a capillary known as glomerulus

A

afferent arterioles

61
Q
  • surround the entire renal tubule
  • surrounded by peritubular fluid
  • collect water and solutes absorbed by the nephron
  • deliver other solutes to the nephron for secretion
  • drain into cortical radiate veins
A

peritubular capillaries

62
Q
  • connected to the distal end of the peritubular capillaries
  • long, straight capillaries that parallel the nephron loop
  • transport water and solutes within the renal medulla
  • drain into cortical radiate veins
A

vasa recta

63
Q
  • collects blood from the capillaries of the nephron and drain into arcuate veins
A

cortical radiate veins

64
Q

Arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal veins -> ____________________

A

inferior vena cava

65
Q

3 processes in urine formation

A
  • filtration, absorption, and secretion
66
Q

filtration occurs only in the __________

A

renal corpuscle

67
Q
  • balance between reabsorption and secretion varies in remaining _____________segments
68
Q

regulation of final volume and solute concentration is from the ________ between the collecting system and the nephron loops

A

interaction

69
Q
  • transports, stores, and eliminates urine
  • includes the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
  • can be visualized using a pyelogram
A

urinary tract

70
Q
  • paired muscular tubes extending from the kidney to the urinary bladder (30 cm)
  • retroperitoneal and attached to the posterior abdominal wall
71
Q
  • hollow, muscular organ holding up to a liter of urine
A

urinary bladder

72
Q

3 anatomic segments of ureter?

A
  • abdominal ureter
  • pelvis ureter
  • intramural ureter
73
Q

abdominal ureter extends where?

A

renal pelvis to iliac vessels

74
Q

pelvic ureter extends where?

A

iliac vessels up to bladder

75
Q

intramural ureter extends where?

A

within the bladder

76
Q

Radiologic segments of the ureter

A
  • proximal ureter
  • middle ureter
  • distal ureter
77
Q

where is the proximal ureter?

A

above the sacroiliac (SI) joint

78
Q

where is the middle ureter?

A

over the SI joint

79
Q

where is the distal ureter?

A

below the SI joint and its entrance to the bladder

80
Q

3 ureteric constrictions?

A
  • at the ureteropelvic junction (UVJ)
  • at the crossing of the external/common iliac artery
  • at the side of entrance of bladder (ureterovesical junction)
81
Q

Narrowest part of the ureter?

A

the ureterovesical junction

82
Q

Blood supply of: proximal ureter and where is it located

A

renal artery, located medially

83
Q

Blood supply of: middle ureter, and where is it located?

A

abdominal aorta/common iliac artery, located posteriorly

84
Q

Blood supply of: distal ureter, and where is it located?

A

superior vesical artery (branch of internal iliac artery), located laterally

85
Q

3 layers of ureters

A
  • inner mucosa
  • middle muscular layer
  • outer connective tissue layer
86
Q

transitional epithelium and surrounding lamina propria

A

inner mucosa

87
Q

bands of smooth muscle that create peristaltic waves to move urine to the bladder

A

middle muscular layer

88
Q

continuous with the fibrous capsule and peritoneum

A

outer connective tissue layer

89
Q
  • filled by the ureters and drained by the urethra
  • dimensions vary with the state of distension
  • posterior, inferior, and anterior surfaces outside the peritoneal cavity
  • anchored to the pelvic and pubic bones by supporting ligaments (lateral and middle umbilical ligaments)
A

urinary bladder

90
Q

folds in the bladder lining that disappear with expansion as the bladder fills

91
Q

slitlike shape helps prevent backflow of urine into ureters with bladder contraction

A

ureteric orifices

92
Q

penetrate posterior bladder wall at an oblique angle

93
Q
  • triangular area bounded by the ureteral opening and the entrance to the urethra
  • most vascular portion of urinary bladder
94
Q
  • surrounds the urethral opening
  • contains a muscular internal urethral sphincter (involuntary smooth muscle)
A

neck of the urinary bladder

95
Q
  • superior vesical artery
  • inferior vesical artery (males)
  • vaginal arteries
  • obturator artery
  • inferior gluteal artery
A

blood supply of the urinary bladder

96
Q

contains mucosa, submucosa. and muscularis layers

A

wall of the urinary bladder

97
Q

3 layers of the muscularis layer of the wall of urinary bladder

A
  • inner longitudinal layer
  • circular layer
  • outer longitudinal layer
98
Q

the 3 layers of the muscularis layer forms the __________

A

detrusor muscle

99
Q
  • extends from the neck of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
  • different length and function in males vs females
100
Q

the _ (gender) urethra is longer and transports semen as well as urine

101
Q
  • lined with stratified epithelium that varies by location
  • transitional at the _____
  • stratified columnar at _____
  • stratified squamous near the _______
A
  • wall of urethra
  • neck
  • midpoint
  • external urethral orifice

Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions