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Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to > JOINT > Flashcards

JOINT Flashcards

1
Q

A point of contact between bones, between cartilages and bones, or between teeth and bone

A

Joint

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2
Q

Also known as articulation

A

Joint

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3
Q

Scientific study of joints

A

Arthrology

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4
Q

Study of motion of the human body

A

Kinesiology

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5
Q

A joint’s ______determines its combination of strength and flexibility

A

Structure

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6
Q

Structural classification of joints

A
  • fibrous joints
  • cartilaginous joints
  • synovial joints
    • types of movement
    • type of synovial joint
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7
Q

Functional classification of joints

A
  • Synarthrosis
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • diarthrosis
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8
Q

______ classification of joints relates to the degree of movement they permit

A

Functional

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9
Q

An immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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10
Q

A slightly immovable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

A freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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12
Q

Structural classification of joints is based on two criteria:

A
  • Presence or absence of space between articulating bones (synovial cavity)
  • type of connective tissue holding the bones together
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13
Q

No synovial cavity and bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibrous joint

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14
Q

No synovial cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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15
Q

United by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by ligaments

A

Synovial joints

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16
Q

____ permit little or no movement.

A

Fibrous joints

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17
Q

The three types of fibrous joints are

A

(1) syndesmoses
(2) sutures
(3) interosseous membranes

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18
Q

joint permits limited movement
(distal tibia and fibula) and gomphosis (dentoalveolar joint)

A

Syndesmosis

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19
Q

– fibrous joint that may be a slightly movable or immovable (found between skull bones)

A

Suture

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20
Q

– permits slight movement (between the radius and ulna and tibia and fibula)

A

Interosseous membranes

21
Q

Like a fibrous joint, a _____ allows little or no movement.

A

cartilaginous joint

22
Q

the articulating bones in cartilaginous joint are tightly connected by either ____ cartilage or____.

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage

23
Q

The two types of cartilaginous joints are?

A
  • Synchondrosis
  • Symphysis
24
Q

an immovable joint (epiphyseal plate)

A

Synchondrosis

25
Q

a slightly movable joint (pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints)

A

Symphysis

26
Q

The unique characteristic of a synovial joint is the presence of a space called a _____ between the
articulating bones

A

synovial (joint) cavity

27
Q

The synovial cavity allows a joint to be ______

A

freely movable

28
Q

The synovial membrane secretes _______, which forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the articular capsule

A

synovial fluid

29
Q

The synovial membrane secretes
synovial fluid, which forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the _____

A

articular capsule

30
Q

____ are saclike structures, similar in structure to joint capsules, that reduce friction in joints such as the shoulder and knee joints.

A

Bursae

31
Q

____ is a simple movement, the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back-and-forth and side-to-side.

A

Gliding

32
Q

_______, there is an increase or decrease in the angle between bones (flexion-extension, hyperextension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction).

A

Angular movements

33
Q

_____, is where a bone moves around its own
longitudinal axis.

A

Rotation

34
Q

_______ occur only at certain joints in the body. Examples: elevation-depression, protraction-retraction, inversion–eversion, dorsiflexion plantar flexion, supination-pronation, opposition.

A

Special movements

35
Q

6 subtypes of synovial joint

A
  • plane
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • condyloid
  • saddle
  • ball-and-socket
36
Q

The articulating surfaces are flat, and the bones glide back-and-forth and sideto-side (many are biaxial); they may also permit rotation (triaxial).

A

Plane (planar) Joints

37
Q

Examples of plane joints are
the joints between ____
and the joints between
_____.

A

carpals, tarsals

38
Q

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, and the motion is angular around one axis (uniaxial); examples are the elbow, knee (a modified hinge joint), and ankle joints.

A

Hinge joints

39
Q

A round or pointed surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by
another bone and a ligament, and movement is rotational (uniaxial); examples are the atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints

A

Pivot joints

40
Q

an oval projection of one bone fits into an oval cavity of another, and motion is angular around two axes (biaxial); examples include the wrist joint and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits #2–5.

A

Condyloid Joints

41
Q

The articular surface of one bone is shaped like a saddle and the other bone fits into the “saddle” like a sitting rider; motion is angular around two axes (biaxial). An example is the carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb (digit #1).

A

Saddle joints

42
Q

the ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of another; motion is around three axes (triaxial). Examples include the shoulder and hip joints

A

ball-and-socket joints

43
Q

The ______ is the
largest and most complex
joint in the body (complex
hinge)

A

knee joint

44
Q

It contains an articular capsule, several ligaments within and around the outside of the joint, menisci, and bursae

A

Knee joint

45
Q

2 articulation of knee joints

A
  • patellofemoral
  • tibiofemoral
46
Q

____ refers to the surgical replacement of severely damaged natural joints with artificial joints.

A

Arthroplasty

47
Q

usually results in decreased production of synovial fluid in joints. In addition, the articular cartilage becomes thinner with age, and ligaments shorten and lose some of their flexibility. The effects of aging on joints are influenced by genetic factors and by wear and tear and vary from one person to another.

A

Aging

48
Q

Most individuals experience some _____ in the knees, elbows, hips, and shoulders due to the aging process

A

degeneration

Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to (8 decks)

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