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Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Take in food
  2. Break down food
  3. Absorb digested materials
  4. Provide nutrients
  5. Eliminate waste
A

digestive system

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2
Q

Layer of the smooth epithelial tissue

A

peritoneum

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3
Q

connective tissue of organs in abdominal cavity

A

mesenteries

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4
Q

mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver and diaphram

A

lesser omentum

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5
Q

mesentery connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and posterior body wall

A

greater omentum

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6
Q
  • First part of digestive system
  • Contains stratified squamous epithelia
A

oral cavity

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7
Q
  • produce saliva which contains enzymes to breakdown carbohydrates into glucose
  • cleanse mouth
  • dissolve and moisten food
A

salivary glands

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8
Q

salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates

A

amylase

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9
Q

salivary enzymes that are active against bacteria

A

lysozyme

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10
Q

house taste buds and mucus

A

tongue

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11
Q

_______ is hard covering protects against abrasions

A

enamel

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12
Q

how many teeth in a normal adult?

A

32

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13
Q

how many primary (baby) teeth?

A

20

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14
Q

Center of tooth is ______

A

pulp cavity

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15
Q

______ are breakdown of enamel by acids from bacteria

A

cavities

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16
Q

roof of oral cavity

A

palate

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17
Q

anterior part of palate

A

hard palate

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18
Q

posterior part of palate

A

soft palate

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19
Q
  • includes submandibular, sublingual, parotid
  • produce saliva contains enzymes to breakdown food
A

salivary gland

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20
Q

inflammation of parotid gland

A

mumps

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21
Q

Type of secretion of parotid gland

A

purely serous

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22
Q

Type of secretion of submandibular gland

A

mixed predominantly serous

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23
Q

Type of secretion of sublingual gland

A

mixed predominantly mucous

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24
Q
  • Throat
  • Connects mouth to esophagus
A

pharynx

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25
Q
  • Tube that connects pharynx to stomach
  • Transport food to stomach
  • Joins stomach at cardiac opening
A

esophagus

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26
Q
  • occurs when gastric juices regurgitate into esophagus
  • caused by caffeine, smoking, or eating or drinking in excess
A

heartburn

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27
Q

Phases of swallowing

A
  • voluntary phase
  • pharyngeal phase
  • esophageal phase
  • peristalsis
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28
Q

Swallowing phase: bolus (mass of food) formed in mouth and pushed into oropharynx

A

voluntary phase

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29
Q

swallowing phase: swallowing reflex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx

A

pharyngeal phase

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30
Q

swallowing phase: moves food from pharynx to stomach

A

esophageal phase

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31
Q

swallowing phase: wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract (Myenteric plexus/Auerbach’s plexus)

A

peristalsis

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32
Q
  • Located in abdomen
  • Storage tank for food
  • Produces mucus, hydrochloric acid, protein digesting enzymes
  • Contains a thick mucus layer that lubricates and protects epithelial cells on ______ wall form acidic pH (3)
  • Can hold up to 2 liters of food
A

stomach

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33
Q

Function of the _______ of the stomach is to produce churning action

A

thick muscular layer

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34
Q

Function of the _______ of the stomach acts as the large folds that allow stomach to stretch

A

rugae

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35
Q

Function of the _______ of the stomach is the paste-like substance that forms when food begins to be broken down

A

chyme

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36
Q

opening between stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric opening

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37
Q

thick, ring of smooth muscle around pyloric opening

A

pyloric sphincter

38
Q

stomach is stimulated to contract by low blood glucose levels usually 12-24 hours after a meal

A

hunger pangs

39
Q

3 phases of regulation of stomach secretions

A
  • cephalic phase
  • gastric phase
  • intestinal phase
40
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation, gastrin, histamine increase stomach secretions

A

regulation of stomach secretions

41
Q
  • 1st phase of stomach secretion regulation
  • stomach secretions are initiated by sight, smell, taste, or food thought
A

cephalic phase

42
Q
  • 2nd phase of stomach secretions regulation
  • partially digested proteins and distention of stomach promote secretion
A

gastric phase

43
Q
  • 3rd phase of stomach secretion regulation
  • acidic chyme stimulates neuronal reflexes and secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions by negative feedback loops
A

intestinal phase

44
Q

2 types of waves in the stomach

A
  • mixing waves
  • peristaltic waves
45
Q

Stomach waves:
- weak contraction
- thoroughly mix food to form chyme

A

mixing waves

46
Q

stomach waves:
- stronger contraction
- force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter

A

peristaltic waves

47
Q

_____ and _____ stimulate stomach secretions

A

Hormonal, neural mechanisms

48
Q

Stomach empties every _ hours after regular meal, and ___ hours after high fatty meal

A

4, 6-8

49
Q

What does surface mucous cells secrete?

A

mucin in an alkaline fluid

50
Q

what does mucous neck cells secrete?

A

mucin in an acidic fluid

51
Q

what does parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL & intrinsic factor

52
Q

what does chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen & lipase

53
Q

What does G cells/enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

gastrin

54
Q
  • Measures 6 meters in length
  • Major absorptive organ
  • Chyme takes 3-5 hours to pass through
  • Contains enzymes to further breakdown food
  • Contains secretions for protection against chyme’s acidity
A

Small intestine

55
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
56
Q

part of small intestine:
- 25 cm long
- contains absorptive cells, goblet cells, granular cells, endocrine cells
- contains microvilli and many folds
- contains bile and pancreatic ducts

A

duodenum

57
Q

part of small intestine: 2.5 meters long and absorbs nutrients

A

jejunum

58
Q

part of small intestine: 3.5 meters long

A

ileum

59
Q
  • Function is to absorb water from indigestible food
  • Contains cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
A

large intestine

60
Q
  • joins small intestine at ileocecal junction
  • has appendix attached
A

cecum

61
Q

9 cm structure that is often removed

A

appendix

62
Q
  • 1.5 meters long
  • contains ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid regions
A

colon

63
Q

straight tube that begins at sigmoid and ends at anal canal

A

rectum

64
Q

last 2-3 cm of digestive tract

A

anal canal

65
Q

Food takes how long to pass through?

A

18 - 24 hrs

66
Q

a product of water, indigestible food, and microbes

A

feces

67
Q

Microbes synthesize vitamin __

A

K

68
Q
  • Weighs about 3 lbs.
  • In right upper quadrant of abdomen under diaphragm
  • Right, left, caudate, quadrate lobes
  • contains porta
  • Receives blood from hepaticartery
A

liver

69
Q

gate where blood vessels, ducts, nerves enter and exit

A

porta

70
Q

4 liver ducts

A
  • hepatic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • cystic duct
  • common bile duct
71
Q

liver duct: transports bile out of liver

A

hepatic duct

72
Q

liver duct: formed from left and right hepatic duct

A

common hepatic duct

73
Q

liver duct:
- joins common hepatic duct
- from gallbladder

A

cystic duct

74
Q

liver duct: formed from common hepatic duct and cystic duct

A

common bile duct

75
Q
  • Small sac on inferior surface of liver
  • Stores and concentrates bile
A

gallbladder

76
Q
  • Digestive and excretory functions
  • Stores and processes nutrients
  • Detoxifies harmful chemicals
  • Synthesizes new molecules
  • Secretes 700ml of bile each day
A

functions of liver

77
Q

dilutes and neutralizes stomach acid and breaks down fats

A

bile

78
Q
  • Located posterior to stomach in inferior part of left upper quadrant
  • Head near midline of body
  • Tail extends to left and touches spleen
  • Endocrine tissues have pancreatic islet that produce insulin and glucagon
  • Exocrine tissues produce digestive enzymes
A

pancreas

79
Q

breakdown of food occurs in stomach and mouth

A

digestion

80
Q

moves food through digestive tract includes swallowing and peristalsis

A

propulsion

81
Q

primarily in duodenum and jejunum of small intestine

A

absorption

82
Q

elimination of waste in the form of feces

A

defecation

83
Q

_____split into disaccharides by salivary and pancreatic amylases

A

Polysaccharides

84
Q

____ broken down into monosaccharides by disaccharidases on surface of intestinal epithelium

A

Disaccharides

85
Q

___ is absorbed by cotransport with Na+ into intestinal epithelium

A

Glucose

86
Q

____ is carried by hepatic portal vein to liver and enters most cells by facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose

87
Q
  • Bile salts emulsify lipids
  • Lipase breaks down lipids which form micelles
  • Micelles are in contact with intestinal epi. and diffuse with cells where they are packaged and released into lacteals
  • Lipids are stored in adipose tissue and liver
A

liver digestion

88
Q
  • Proteins are split into polypeptides by enzymes secreted by stomach and pancreas
  • Peptides and amino acids are absorbed into intestinal epi. cells
  • Amino acids are actively transported into cells (help from GH and insulin)
  • Amino acids used to build new proteins
A

protein digestion

89
Q
  • ___ can move across intestinal wall in either direction
  • Depends on osmotic conditions
  • 99% of ____entering intestine is absorbed
A

Water

90
Q

____ are actively transported across wall of small intestine

A

Minerals

Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls (16 decks)

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