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Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Regulates body temperature
* Stores blood
* Protects body from external environment
* Detects cutaneous sensations
* Excretes and absorbs substances
* Synthesizes vitamin D

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

Two ways the skin regulates temperature (thermoregulation)

A
  1. Liberating sweat at its surface
  2. Adjusting flow of blood in the dermis
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3
Q

(Blood reservoir) ______ houses an extensive network of blood vessels
* ____ of total blood flow

A

Dermis, 8-10%

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4
Q

(protection) _____ in the skin protects underlying tissues from microbes, abrasion, heat, and chemicals

A

Keratin

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5
Q

_____ released by lamellar granules inhibit evaporation of water from the skin surface

A

Lipids

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6
Q

_____ against damaging UV light

A

Melanin

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7
Q

_____ is the largest sensory organ

A

Skin

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8
Q

What type of vitamins does the skin absorb?

A

Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

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9
Q

_____minutes ____ a week is required for Vitamin D synthesis

A

10-15, 2x

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10
Q

4 principal types of cell in epidermis

A
  • keratinocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • melanocytes
  • tactile epithelial cells
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11
Q

90% of the epidermal cells arranged in four or five layers and produce the protein ____

A

keratin

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12
Q

Intraepidermal macrophages
participate in immune
responses

A

Langerhans cells

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13
Q

8% of the cells and produce the
pigment ____

A

melanin

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14
Q

Cells responsible for detecting touch sensations

A

Tactile epithelial cells

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15
Q

5 layers of epidermis (CLGSB)

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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16
Q
  • Dead keratinocytes
  • Continuously being
    shed
A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q
  • Found only in thick skin
  • Flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes
A

Stratum lucidum

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18
Q

Contains keratohyaline
granules

A

Stratum granulosum

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19
Q
  • Thickest sublayer
  • Provides strength and flexibility
A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q
  • Deepest layer
  • Single row of cuboidal to low columnar cells
  • Produce new keratinocytes
A

Stratum basale

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21
Q

a. Present in keratinocytes
b. Release a lipid-rich secretion that acts as a water-repellent sealant,
retarding loss of body fluids and entry of foreign materials

A

Lamellar granules

22
Q

As the cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they accumulate more and more keratin, a process called _____.

A

keratinization

23
Q

Newly formed cells in the _____ are slowly pushed to the surface.

A

stratum basale

24
Q

Deeper part of the skin
* Composed mainly of connective tissue containing collagen and
elastic fibers

A

Dermis

25
Q

The superficial part makes up about 1/5 of the thickness
* Thin layer of areolar connective tissue and elastic fibers
* Dermal papillae
* Capillary loops and nerve endings

A

Dermis: Papillary layer

26
Q

Thick collagen bundles and some coarse elastic fibers
* Dense irregular connective tissue
* Appendages are found

A

Dermis: Reticular layer

27
Q

Striae: a form of internal scarring

A

Stretch marks

28
Q

Internal damage to dermis when skin is stretched to much
* Bonding between collagen fibers disrupted, small dermal blood
vessels rupture
* Appear as reddish streaks
* Then as silvery white streaks
* Pregnancy, weight-lifters, obesity

A

Stretch marks

29
Q

Downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis
* Create strong bond between epidermis and dermis in areas of high mechanical stress

A

Epidermal ridges

30
Q

Increase surface area to increase grip of hand and foot by increasing
friction
* Increase surface area to increase tactile sensitivity
* Contribute to the formation of fingerprints (or footprints)
* Unique for each individual

A

Epidermal ridges

31
Q

Increase surface contact between epidermis and dermis
* Extensive network of small blood vessels, important source of nutrition

A

Dermal Papillae

32
Q

Epidermis and dermis fit to form extremely strong junction
* Strengthens skin against shearing forces that attempt to separate
these two

A

Dermal papillae

33
Q

Produced by melanocytes
* Amount of ____ causes the skin’s color to vary from pale yellow to
reddish-brown to black
* Freckles, age spots
* Albinism, vitiligo

A

Melanin

34
Q

Red color; due to oxygen carrying pigment of RBCs

A

Hemoglobin

35
Q

Yellow-orange pigment

A

Carotene

36
Q

Accessory structures of the skin

A

Nail, hair

37
Q

Made up of flattened structures of horny or cornified texture
* Found on dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges, fingers and toes

A

Nail

38
Q

3 parts of the nail

A

Nail bed, matrix, lanula

39
Q

Thin, non-cornified epithelium on which the nail plate lies

A

Nail bed

40
Q

Proximal, thicker part of the nail bed
* Responsible for nail growth

A

Matrix

41
Q

Near the root of the nail, the nail bed is less vascular and nail not firmly adhered to the connective tissue stratum.
* Portion of a whiter color and called the on account of its shape

A

Lanula

42
Q

Present in all parts of the body except
* palms and soles
* dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges
* glans penis
* inner surface of the prepuce
* inner surfaces of the labia

A

Hair

43
Q

____ develops from the gland-like growth of the epidermis into the dermis which gives rise to the hair follicles.

A

Hair

44
Q

Main body of the hair

A

Hair shaft

45
Q

Bundles of smooth muscles typically associated with hair follicles
* Erect the usually obliquely lying hair
* Exert pressure upon sebaceous glands, causes the discharge of their
secretion into the hair follicle.

A

Arrector pili muscles

46
Q

Contraction of the ______ give rise to bumps on the skin or “goose flesh”

A

arrector pili muscles

47
Q
  • Decrease in number, stiffen, break apart, and disorganize into a shapeless, matted tangle
A

Collagen fibers in the dermis

48
Q
  • Lose some of their elasticity, thicken into clumps, and fray, an effect that is greatly accelerated in the skin of smokers
A

Elastic fibers

49
Q
  • Produce collagen and elastic fibers
  • Decrease in number result wrinkles
A

Fibroblasts

50
Q

_____ – skin forms characteristic crevices & furrows.

A

Wrinkles

51
Q

Most age-related changes begin at about age ___

A

40

Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls (17 decks)

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