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Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

4 fundamental types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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2
Q

diverse group that includes:
- surface
- glands/solid organs

A

Epithelial tissue

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3
Q

Forms the outer covering of the skin and outer covering of some internal organs

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

Also lines body cavities, blood vessels, ducts, and the interiors of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

A

Epithelial tissue

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5
Q

Surface exposed to a body cavity, lining of an internal organ, or the exterior of the body

A

Apical surface

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue that is Deep to the surface

A

Basal surface

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7
Q

Face cells on either side

A

Lateral surfaces

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8
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A
  • protection
  • secretion
  • absorption
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9
Q

Cell shapes

A
  • squamous cells
  • cuboidal cells
  • columnar cells
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10
Q

thin, and this allows for the rapid passage of substances through them

A

Squamous cells

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11
Q

as tall as they are wide and are shaped like cubes or hexagons. They may have microvilli at their apical surface and function in either secretion or absorption.

A

Cuboidal cells

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12
Q

much taller than they are wide, like columns, and protect underlying tissues. Their apical surfaces may have cilia or microvilli, and they often are specialized for secretion and absorption.

A

Columnar cells

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13
Q

3 types of epithelial tissue

A

Simple, stratified, transitional

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14
Q

Type of epithelial tissue which is composed of a single layer of identical cells

A

Simple

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15
Q

Type of epithelial tissue that consists of layers

A

Stratified

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16
Q

(simple epithelium)
◦ Rectangular-shaped
◦ Alimentary tract
◦ Absorption, secretion
◦ Goblet cells

A

Simple columnar

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17
Q

(stratified epithelium)
◦ Wet surfaces
◦ Lining of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina

A

Non-keratinized

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18
Q

(stratified epithelium)
* Dry surfaces
◦ Wear and tear
◦ Skin, hair, nails

A

Keratinized

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19
Q

(simple epithelium)
With fine hair-like processes – CILIA
◦ Movement
◦ Respiratory passages

A

Simple ciliated

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20
Q

A ___ may consist of one cell or a group of highly specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or into the blood

A

gland

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21
Q

Glands are either _____ or ____

A

Endocrine or exocrine

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22
Q

_______ enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct. These secretions are called ______

A

Endocrine glands, hormones

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23
Q

_______ secrete their products into ducts that empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium such as the skin surface or the lumen of a hollow organ

A

Exocrine glands

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24
Q

◦ One of the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body

A

Connective tissue

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25
Q

◦ Connective tissue consists of two basic elements: ____ and _______

A

cells, extracellular matrix

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26
Q

______ is the material between its widely spaced cells and consists of protein

A

Extracellular matrix

27
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  • Supporting tissue, providing general structure, mechanical strength, space filling, etc.
28
Q

Connective tissue cells

A

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes (fat cells)
Macrophages
Mast cells
Plasma cells

29
Q

are large, flat cells with branching processes. They are present in several connective tissues, and usually are the most numerous.

A

Fibroblasts

30
Q

Also known as fat cells

A

Adipocytes

31
Q

Are phagocytes that develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell

A

Macrophages

32
Q

Are involved in the inflammatory response and also kill bacteria

A

Mast cells

33
Q

Important part of the body’s immune response

A

Plasma cells

34
Q

________ in the extracellular matrix strengthen and support connective tissues

A

Fibers

35
Q
  • Very strong and resist pulling forces, but they are not stiff,
    which promotes tissue flexibility.
    ◦ These fibers often occur in bundles lying parallel to one
    another
A

Collagen fibers

36
Q

◦ Smaller in diameter than collagen fibers, branch and join together to form a network within a tissue
◦ Consists of molecules of a protein called elastin surrounded by a glycoprotein named fibrillin
◦ Strong and can be stretched up to 1½ times their relaxed length without breaking.

A

Elastic fibers

37
Q

◦ Consist of collagen and a coating of glycoprotein
◦ Provide support in the walls of blood vessels and form branching networks around fat cells, nerve fibers, and skeletal and smooth muscle cells
◦ Provide support and strength
◦ Form the stroma (supporting framework) of many soft organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes

A

Reticular fibers

38
Q

◦ Component of a connective tissue between the cells and fibers

A

Ground substance

39
Q

Types of loose connective tissue are:

A

◦ Areolar
◦ Adipose tissue
◦ Reticular

40
Q

Loosely arranged among the many cells

A

Loose connective tissue

41
Q

Contains more numerous, thicker, and denser
fibers (more closely packed)

A

Dense connective tissue

42
Q

Three types of dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular
◦ Dense irregular

43
Q

Connective tissue types

A

◦Fibrous tissue
◦Elastic tissue
◦Blood
◦Lymphoid
◦Bone
◦Cartilage
◦Adipose

44
Q

◦ Elongated cells called muscle fibers that are highly specialized to generate force
◦ Produces motion, maintains posture, and generates heat

A

Muscle tissue

45
Q

3 Classification of muscle tissue

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
46
Q

is named for its location- it is usually attached to the bones of the skeleton.

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

47
Q

forms the bulk of the wall of
the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

48
Q

____ is located in the walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, airways to the lungs, the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and urinary bladder.

A

Smooth muscle tissue

49
Q

◦ Large, elongated multinucleated cells,
◦ Multiple peripherally situated nuclei
◦ Voluntary muscle
◦ Arranged in fascicles with endomysium, perimysium and epimysium
◦ Cross-striations due to organization of myofibrils
◦ Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

A

Skeletal muscle

50
Q

◦ Elongated branching cells, joined by intercalated discs
◦ Single central nucleus typical, some cells binucleated
◦ Involuntary muscle, spontaneously contractile, autonomic modulation
◦ Branching interconnected cells, functional syncytium
◦ Cross-striations due to organization of myofibrils
◦ Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

A

Cardiac muscle

51
Q

◦ Small cells, fusiform shape
◦ Single central nucleus
◦Involuntary, autonomic innervation
◦ Surrounding network of collagen
◦No striations
◦ Cells shorten and broaden on contraction

A

Smooth muscles

52
Q

◦Nervous system provides rapid and precise communication
◦ Between different parts of the body

A

Nervous tissue

53
Q

◦Action of specialized nerve cells : _____

A

neurons

54
Q

Functions
◦Gather and process information
◦Generate appropriate response signals.

A

Nervous tissue

55
Q

Non-excitable cells

A

Supporting cells

56
Q

Two main parts of nervous system

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
    ◦ Brain
    ◦ Spinal cord
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
    ◦Nerves
    ◦ Run between CNS and other tissues
    ◦Ganglia
    ◦ Nerve ‘relay stations’
57
Q

____(tissue) has a poor capacity for repair.

A

Muscular tissue

58
Q

____ (tissue) has the worst capacity for
repair of damaged cells

A

Nervous tissue

59
Q

_______ have a continuous capacity for repair.

A

Epithelial cells

60
Q

Some ______, such as bone, repair easily while other _____, such as
cartilage, repair less readily.

A

connective tissues

61
Q

◦ _____ is the process that replaces worn-out,
damaged, or dead cells.

A

Tissue repair

62
Q

(type of epithelium)
◦ Pear-shaped cell
◦ Urinary system
◦ Stretches as urine
passes

A

Transitional epithelium

63
Q

if fibroblasts need to come in to repair the tissue, they synthesize materials that aggregate to form scar tissue, a process known as ____.

A

fibrosis

Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to (8 decks)

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