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Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The male gonad

A

Testes

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2
Q

produce sperm and endocrine cells secreting testosterone

A

testes

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3
Q

propel spermatozoa and secretions to the penile urethra

A

genital ducts

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4
Q

produce secretions required for sperm activity

A

Accessory Organs

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5
Q

copulatory organ

A

penis

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6
Q
  1. Production of gametes
  2. Fertilization
  3. Production of sex hormones
A

Functions of Male Reproductive Organ

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7
Q
  • contains testes
  • contains dartos muscle that moves scrotum and testes close to and away from body depending on temperature
A

Scrotum

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8
Q
  • sperm must develop at temp. _______ (more or less?) than body temp.
A

less

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9
Q

Primary male reproductive organ

A

Testes

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10
Q

Contains:
* seminiferous tubules
* interstitial cells
* germ cells
* sustentacular cells

A

Testes

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11
Q

where sperm is produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

These cells secrete testosterone

A

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

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13
Q

This is the beginning of sperm cell

A

germ cell

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14
Q

Cells that nourish germ cells and produce hormone

A

sustentacular cells

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15
Q

Connective tissue capsule that covers the testes

A

tunica albuginea

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16
Q

Tunica albuginea thickens on the posterior side to form the ______________

A

mediastinum testis

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17
Q

__________ penetrate the testes to divide in into compartments/lobules

A

Septa

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18
Q

Each lobule of the testis contains highly convoluted _______________

A

Seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

Each lobule of testis consists of 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules and a connective tissue stroma – Interstitial tissue containing __________

A

Leydig cells

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20
Q

between the seminiferous tubules of the testis; consists of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, lymphatics and blood vessels

A

Interstitial tissue

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21
Q

round or polygonal cells with central nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm; produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE

A

Leydig cells

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22
Q

Each seminiferous tubule is lined by a specialized stratified epithelium called as _______________

A

GERMINAL or SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIUM

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23
Q

Basement membrane covered with a fibrous connective tissue with an innermost layer containing flattened smooth muscle like __________ which allow weak contractions of the tubule

A

MYOID cells

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24
Q

2 types of cells in germinal epithelium

A
  • Spermatogenic cells
  • Sertoli cell
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25
Q

Maturation, from immature to mature, of spermatogenic cells

A
  • Spermatogonia
  • Primary spermatocyte
  • Secondary spermatocyte
  • Spermatid
  • Sperm cell
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26
Q

– nondividing tall, columnar cells;

A

sertoli cells

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27
Q

Identify the cell:
1. Support, protection and nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells
2. Exocrine and Endocrine functions - secretes ______, and secretes _________ during fetal development
3. Phagocytosis

A
  • Sertoli/Sustentacular Cell
  • inhibin
  • Mullerian inhibiting substance
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28
Q

What makes up the genital ducts?

A
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus/vas deferens
  • urethra
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29
Q
  • Long, comma shaped, highly coiled duct lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of each testis
  • About 6 m in length
A

epididymis

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30
Q

3 parts of epididymis

A

head, body, tail

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31
Q

Part of epididymis where the efferent ductules enter

A

head

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32
Q

part of epididymis where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation

A

tail

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33
Q
  • thread-like tubules on side of each testis
  • where seminiferous tubules empty new sperm
  • where sperm continue to mature develop ability to swim and bind to oocytes
A

Epididymis

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34
Q
  • “vas deferens”
  • extends from epididymis and joins seminal vesicle
  • cut during a vasectomy
A

Ductus deferes

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35
Q

long , straight tube with a thick muscular wall and relatively small lumen, leaves the scrotum and continues toward the prostatic urethra

A

ductus/vas deferens

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36
Q

Forms the spermatic cord

A

ductus/vas deferens

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37
Q

Passes over the urinary bladder, crosses the ureter and the distal part enlarges as an Ampulla; together with the ducts of the seminal vesicles – form the Ejaculatory ducts which open into the Prostatic urethra

A

ductus/vas deferens

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38
Q
  • extends from urinary bladder to end of penis
  • passageway for urine and male reproductive fluids (not at same time)
A

urethra

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39
Q

3 parts of male urethra

A
  • prostatic
  • membranous
  • penile/spongy
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40
Q

Shortest male urethra

A

Membranous

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41
Q

Longest male urethra

A

Penile/spongy

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42
Q

contains corporus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra: 3 columns of erectile tissue which fill with blood for erection

A

Penis

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43
Q
  • transfer sperm from male to female
  • excrete urine
A

penis

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44
Q

Consists of three masses of VASCULAR ERECTILE TISSUE –paired CORPORA CAVERNOSA and midline CORPORA SPONGIOSUM which are bounded by TUNICA ALBUGINEA

A

Penis

45
Q

Contains 3 erectile tissues – bulb of penis and R / L crura

A

root of penis

46
Q
  • In which the bulb of penis forms the Corpus spongiosum
  • Cruca into corpora cavernosa
  • enclosed by buck’s fascia
A

body of penis

47
Q

head which is formed by the terminal part of the Corpus Spongiosum and is covered by a fold of skin with a median ventral fold

A

Glans penis

48
Q

fold of skin covering glans penis

A

prepuce

49
Q

median ventral fold in prepuce

A

frenulum

50
Q

Prominent margin in glans penis

A

corona

51
Q

What glands are located in the corona of glans penis?

A

small preputial glans (sebaceous glands)

52
Q

The preputial glands of the glans penis is located on its neck and inner surface of prepuce. It secretes what?

A

smegma

53
Q

3 tissue surrounding the urethra of the penis

A
  • two corpora cavernosa (dorsal)
  • one corpus spongiosum (ventral)
54
Q

Corpora cavernosa surrounded by a dense fibroelastic layer called?

A

tunica albuginea

55
Q

An erection is parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

56
Q

An ejaculation is parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

sympathetic

57
Q

an erection is maintained by what?

A

contraction of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocabernosus mucles

58
Q

In ejaculation, secretions are ejected because of what?

A

rhythmic contractions of the Bulbospongiosus which compresses the urethra

59
Q
  • penis fills with blood, becomes hard and prepares for ejaculation
  • arteries dilate and compress so blood can’t gent out
  • Must happen first before ejaculation can occur
  • Having this does not mean you need to ejaculate
A

erection

60
Q
  • sperm are moved from the epididymis into vas deferens then urethra by through smooth muscle contractions
A

Ejaculation

61
Q

next to ductus deferens help form ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles

62
Q
  • surrounds (prostatic) urethra
  • size of a walnut
A

prostate gland

63
Q

small mucus secreting glands near base of prostate gland

A

bulbourethral gland

64
Q
  • mixture of sperm and secretions from glands
  • provides a transport medium and nutrients that protect and activate sperm
  • 60% of fluid is from seminal vesicles
  • 30% of fluid is from prostate gland
  • 5% of fluid is from bulbourethral gland
  • 5% of fluid is from testes
A

Semen

65
Q
  • provide fructose
  • contain prostaglandins which decrease mucus thickness around cervix and uterine tubes and help sperm move through female repro. Tract
  • contains coagulants that help deliver semen into female
A

Seminal vesicle

66
Q

Two lobulated organs lying on the posterior surface of bladder; about 2 inches / 5 cm long

A

seminal vesicle

67
Q

It is medial to vas deferens

A

seminal vesicle

68
Q

posterior to rectum

A

seminal vesicle

69
Q

inferior (together with vas deferens) to ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicle

70
Q

SECRETIONS;
* Fluid
* Fructose
* Ascorbic acid
* Amino acids
* Prostaglandins

A

seminal vesicle

71
Q
  • contains enzymes to liquefy semen after it is inside female
  • neutralizes acidity of vagina
A

prostate gland

72
Q

neutralize acidity of male urethra and female vagina

A

Bulbourethral gland

73
Q
  • Fibromuscular Glandular organ that surrounds the Prostatic urethra
  • Below neck of bladder
  • Above urogenital diaphragm
  • 1.25 inches / 3 cm
A

prostate gland

74
Q

its base lies superiorly against bladder neck

A

prostate gland

75
Q

its apex lies inferiorly against urogenital diaphragm

A

prostate gland

76
Q

Produces a thin, milky fluid containing Citric acid and acid phosphatase

A

prostate gland

77
Q

what do u call the calcified secretions of prostate gland?

A

corpora amylacea

78
Q

include sperm and small amount of fluid

A

Testicular secretions

79
Q

____ ml of semen is ejaculated each time

A

2-5

80
Q

1 ml of semen contains _____ million sperm

A

100

81
Q

Sperm can live for ____ hours once inside female

A

72

82
Q

Pathway of the sperm

A
  1. Sperm develop in seminiferous tubules (testes)
  2. Epididymis (mature)
  3. Ductus deferens
  4. Receive secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland (accessory glands)
  5. Urethra where semen (sperm) exit body
83
Q
  • formation of sperm cells
  • begins at puberty
  • interstitial cells (in semin. tubules) increase in number and size
  • seminiferous tubules enlarge
  • seminiferous tubules produce germ cells and Sustentacular cells
A

spermatogenesis

84
Q
  • sex cells
  • sperm in males
  • oocytes (eggs) in females
A

gametes

85
Q

special type of cell division that leads to formation of sex cells

A

meiosis

86
Q

Each sperm cell and each oocyte contains ______chromosomes

A

23

87
Q
  1. Germ cells
  2. Spermatogonia
  3. Primary spermatocytes
  4. Secondary spermatocytes
  5. Spermatids
  6. Sperm cells
A

(maturation) production of sperm cell

88
Q

Part of sperm cell that contain a nucleus and DNA

A

head

89
Q

Part of sperm cell that contain mitochondria

A

midpiece

90
Q

Part of sperm cell that contain flagellum for movement

A

tail

91
Q
  • source: hypothalamus
  • stimulates secretion of LH and FSH
A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

92
Q
  • source: anterior pituitary gland
  • stimulates secretion of testosterone
A

LH (Luteinizing)

93
Q
  • source: anterior pituitary gland
  • prompts spermatogenesis
A

FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)

94
Q
  • source: interstitial cells in testes
  • involved in development and maintenance of reproductive organs
A

testosterone

95
Q
  • sequence of events in which a boy begins to produce male hormones and sperm cells
  • begins at 12-14 and ends around 18
  • testosterone is major male hormone
  • secondary sexual characteristics develop:
    Ex. Skin texture, fat distribution, hair growth, skeletal muscle growth, and larynx changes
A

male puberty

96
Q

occurring commonly in the periurethral glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems in urination

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

97
Q
  • (adenocarcinoma) occurring mainly in the glands of the peripheral zone
  • Elevated levels of PSA indicate abnormal glandular mucosa typically due to this
A

prostatic carcinoma

98
Q
  • can result from diabetes, anxiety, vascular disorders or nerve damage during prostatectomy
  • Drug Sildenafil promotes relaxation in the smooth muscle cells of helicine arteries and erectile tissue and enhances the neural effect to produce or maintain an erection
A

erectile dysfunction/impotence

99
Q
  • the accessibility of the ductus / vas deferens in the spermatic cord allows for the most common surgical method of male sterilization
  • After the procedure, sperm are still produced but they degenerate and are removed by macrophages in the epididymis
A

vasectomy

100
Q

inflammation of the testis, frequently involves the ducts connecting the testis to the epididymis

A

orchitis

101
Q
  • Occur secondary to urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted such as Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhea infections
  • Scrotal pain and tenderness
A

epididymitis

102
Q

involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are more likely to develop with men with untreated cryptorchidism

A

testicular cancer

103
Q

failure of one or both testis to descend from the abdomen; bilateral ________ causes infertility if not surgically corrected

A

cryptorchidism

104
Q
  • accumulation of serous fluid in the scrotal sac
  • Scrotal swelling
A

hydrocele

105
Q
  • the inability to retract the skin (foreskin or prepuce) covering the head (glans) of the penis
  • may appear as a tight ring or “rubber band” of foreskin around the tip of the penis, preventing full retraction
A

phimosis

106
Q

The procedure offers many benefits, including making the penis easier to clean and reducing your child’s risk of developing certain conditions, such as urinary tract infections

A

circumcision

107
Q

external urethral orifice is on the VENTRAL side of the glans penis (glandular), body of penis (penile) or junction of penis and scrotum (penoscrotal)

A

Hypospadias

108
Q

external urethral orifice is on the DORSAL side of the penis

A

epispadias

Paawat ka na ANA PHY LEC pls (15 decks)

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