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Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to > Intro to anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Science of structure and the relationships among structures

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Science of body functions, that is, how’s the body parts function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

[Anatomy - Levels of Study]
- Large structures
- Easily observable

A

Gross Anatomy

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4
Q

[Anatomy - Levels of Study]
- Very small structures
- Can only be viewed with a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy/histology

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5
Q

[Anatomy - Levels of Study]
- Normal gross and microscopic features and development of the nervous system

A

Neuroanatomy (aka Neural HSB)

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6
Q

[Anatomy - Levels of Study]
- Origin and development of the human body from fertilization of the ovum to extra uterine life

A

Embryology (Developmental HSB)

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7
Q

Levels of Structural Organization?

A
  1. Chemical level (atoms, molecules)
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
  6. Organismal level
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8
Q

[Organ system]
- forms the external body covering
- protects deeper tissue from injury
- synthesizes vitamin d
- location of cutaneous nerve receptors

A

Integumentary

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9
Q

[Organ system]
- protects and supports body organs
- provides muscle attachment for movement
- cite of blood cell formation
- stores minerals

A

Skeletal

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10
Q

[Organ system]
- allows locomotion
- maintains posture
- produces heat

A

Muscular

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11
Q

[Organ system]
- fast-acting control system
- responds to internal and external change
- activates muscles and glands

A

Nervous

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12
Q

[Organ system]
- secretes regulatory hormones
- growth
- reproduction
- metabolism

A

Endocrine

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13
Q

What is the “master gland”?

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

[Organ system]
- Transports materials in body via blood pumped by the heart
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
- nutrients
- wastes

A

Cardiovascular

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15
Q

Red veins deliver what type of blood?

A

Oxygenated blood

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16
Q

Blue veins deliver what type of blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood

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17
Q

[Organ system]
- returns fluids to blood vessels
- disposes of debris
- involved in immunity

A

Lymphatic

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18
Q

[Organ system]
- Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
- removes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory

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19
Q

[Organ system]
- breaks down food
- allows for nutrient absorption into blood
- eliminates indigestible material

A

Digestive

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20
Q

[Organ system]
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
- maintains acid - base balance
- regulation of materials
- water
- electrolytes

A

Urinary

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21
Q

[Organ system]
- Production of offspring

A

Reproductive

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22
Q

Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding

A

Language of anatomy

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23
Q

Anatomical position is when a person is?

A
  • standing erect
  • head, eyes, toes directed forward
  • heels and toes together fat on the ground
  • upper limbs hanging by the sides with the palms facing forward
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24
Q

[ anatomical planes and sections ] equal right and left, only one medial plane

A

Median or midsagittal plane

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25
Q

[ anatomical planes and sections ] unequal right and left

A

Sagittal

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26
Q

[ anatomical planes and sections ] equal or unequal front and back

A

Coronal or frontal plane

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27
Q

Towards the head or upper part of a structure

A

Superior (cranial)

28
Q

Away from the head end

A

Inferior (caudal)

29
Q

Toward or at the front

A

Anterior (Ventral)

30
Q

Toward or at the backside

A

Posterior (Dorsal)

31
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body

A

Medial

32
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

33
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

34
Q

Close to the origin of the body part

A

Proximal

35
Q

Father from the origin of a body part

A

Distal

36
Q

Toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial

37
Q

Away from the body surface

A

Deep

38
Q

Means on the same side

A

Ipsilateral

39
Q

Means of the opposite side

A

Contralateral

40
Q

Movement that forms an acute angle between approximating body parts

A

Flexion

41
Q

Forms an obtuse angle between two parts; angle is increased; joint is straightened

A

Extension

42
Q

Movement of the body part around its long axis

A

Rotation

43
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane

A

Abduction

44
Q

Toward body in coronal plane

A

Adduction

45
Q

Combination

A

Circumduction

46
Q

To move forward as in forward movement of the jaw

A

Protraction

47
Q

Movement backward

A

Retraction

48
Q

To raise a body part

A

Elevation

49
Q

To lower a body part

A

Depression

50
Q

Lateral rotation of the forearm from pronated position; palm facing anteriorly

A

Supination

51
Q

Medial rotation of the forearm; palm faces posteriorly

A

Pronation

52
Q

Movement of the foot; sole faces in a medial direction or inward

A

Inversion

53
Q

Opposite; faces lateral direction or outward

A

Eversion

54
Q

Two body cavities and their sub divisions?

A
  • Dorsal cavity
    • Cranial cavity
    • Vertebral cavity
  • Ventral cavity
    • Thoracic cavity
    • abdominal cavity
    • pelvic cavity
55
Q

4 abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

Right and left upper quadrant, right and left lower quadrants

56
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions?

A

Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left iliac, hypograstric

57
Q

Abdominopelvic major organs

A

Lungs, liver, heart, diaphragm, spleen, stomach, large intestines, small intestines, rectum

58
Q

The sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

59
Q

Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny organelles inside cells

A

Movement

60
Q

The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its environment

A

Responsiveness

61
Q

Increase in body size. May be due to an increase in the size of existing cells, the number of cells, or the amount of material surrounding cells

A

Growth

62
Q

Process whereby unspecialized cells become specialized cells

A

Differentiation

63
Q

Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual

A

Reproduction

64
Q
  • Maintenance of relatively stable conditions
A

Homeostasis

65
Q

Ensures that the body’s internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body

A

Homeostasis

Bwiset na ANA PHY LEC na 'to (8 decks)

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