Urinary System

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Removal of metabolic waste

Question 2

Nitrogenous Waste

Answer 2

Urea, ammonia

Question 3

Elimination

Answer 3

Removal of indigestible material, dietary fiber

Question 4

Principal Organs

Answer 4

Lungs, liver, skin, kidneys

Question 5

Lungs

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide and water vapor

Question 6

Sweat glands

Answer 6

Excrete water and dissolved salts

Question 7

Liver

Answer 7

Deamination of proteins is converted to urea

Question 8

Kidneys

Answer 8

Control osmolarity of the blood, excrete numerous waste products and toxic chemicals, conserve glucose, salt, water

Question 9

Nephrons

Answer 9

The functional unit of kidneys

Question 10

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 10

Bulb of nephrons, encapsulates a special capillary bed called a glomerulus

Question 11

Three Regions of Kidneys

Answer 11

Outer cortex, inner medulla, renal pelvis

Question 12

Coiled Tube Procession

Answer 12

Proximal convoluted tubule -> loop of Henle -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct

Question 13

Urine Formation

Answer 13

Filtration, Secretion, and Reabsorption

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

Fluid and small solutes enter nephron, passive process driven by hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

Secretion

Answer 15

Nephrons secrete waste such as acids, ions from the interstitial fluid by both passive and active transport

Question 16

Reabsorption

Answer 16

Glucose, salts, amino acids, water are reabsorbed from the filtrate and returned to the blood, occurs in the proximal and is active, followed by passive water movement, forms urine

Question 17

Glomerulus

Answer 17

Site of filtration, plasma and blood solutes are filtered and become the filtrate, based on size exclusion

Question 18

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 18

Amino acids, glucose, vitamins, salts are reabsorbed along with water

Question 19

Majority of Waste Products Excreted

Answer 19

H+, Urea, NH3, K+ (HUNK)

Question 20

Loop of Henle

Answer 20

Descending (permeable to water), osmolarity gradient is crucial for urine concentration, Ascending (salt only)

Question 21

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 21

Reabsorption and secretion

Question 22

Collecting Duct

Answer 22

Responsive to both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), area of high osmolarity

Question 23

Countercurrent Multiplier System

Answer 23

A system in which energy is used to create a concentration gradient, exiting and re-entry of solutes such as Na+ and Cl-

Question 24

Longer Loops of Henle

Answer 24

Build greater gradients via the countercurrent multiplier system

Question 25

Aldosterone

Answer 25

Steroid hormone and upregulates the transport of sodium and potassium ions along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, decreased excretion of Na+, more K+ excreted, decrease urine output

Question 26

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 26

Affects water reabsorption by opening additional aquaporins, decrease urine output

Question 27

Bicarbonate Buffer System

Answer 27

Maintains blood pH

Question 28

Which region of the kidney has the lowest solute concentration

Answer 28

Cortex

Question 29

In the nephron, amino acids enter the peritubular capillaries via

Answer 29

Reabsorption

Question 30

Glucose reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the

Answer 30

Proximal Tubule

Question 31

Urine is

Answer 31

hypertonic to the blood