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OAT Biology > Molecular Genetics > Flashcards

Molecular Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA -> RNA -> Proteins

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2
Q

Nucleotide

A

Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

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3
Q

Purines

A

Adenine, Guanine (Larger, two-ring)

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4
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (1 ring)

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5
Q

DNA Directionality

A

3’ -> 5’

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6
Q

T-A

A

Two hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

G-C

A

Three hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

DNA helicase

A

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

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9
Q

Replication Fork

A

Opening in the DNA molecule created by DNA helicase

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10
Q

Topoisomerase

A

Removes the strain by cutting, twisting, rejoining the strands of DNA

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11
Q

Replication Bubble

A

The replication fork passed a portion of DNA, where the two strands are separated

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12
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Reads the parent DNA strand and creates a complementary, antiparallel strand, reads 3’->5’ (creates 5’->3’)

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13
Q

Leading strand

A

3’ end facing toward the replication fork

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14
Q

Lagging strand

A

3’ end facing away from the replication fork

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15
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

Short fragments of synthesized DNA, joined together by DNA ligase

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16
Q

RNA

A

ribose, uracil, single-stranded

17
Q

mRNA

A

Carries the complement of a DNA sequence

18
Q

tRNA

A

Recognizes mRNA codon and amino acid

19
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal machinery, most abundant

20
Q

Transcription

A

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template, promoter region, TATA box, and transcription factors assist

21
Q

Post-transcriptional Processing

A

Hetero-nuclear RNA (pre-RNA), introns spliced out leaving exons, 5’ guanine cap and 3’ poly-A tail added, leave the nucleus

22
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

23
Q

Translation

A

Initiation, elongation, translocation, termination

24
Q

Initiation

A

Small ribosomal subunits binds, start codon, methionine, complex is bound

25
Q

Elongation

A

A site (holds), P site (peptide bond formation), E site (expelled)

26
Q

Translocation

A

Ribosome advances three nucleotides away

27
Q

Post-translational modifications

A

Phosphorylation, Carboxylation, Glycosylation, Prenylation

28
Q

km

A

Substrate concentration needed to fill half of the enzyme’s active site, assess enzyme affinity for a substrate

29
Q

Higher km

A

Higher concentration of the substrate to reach 1/2Vmax, lower enzyme affinity

30
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

Same Vmax, Higher Km

31
Q

Ligases

A

Catalyze addition or synthesis reactions, require ATP, joining (ligation)

32
Q

Isomerases

A

Rearrangement of bonds, oxidoreductase, transferase, lyases

33
Q

Lyases

A

Cleavage into two molecules, do not require water

34
Q

Hydrolases

A

Breaking of a compound into two molecules using the addition of water

35
Q

Oxidoreductases

A

Oxidation-reduction reactions, transfer of electrons, dehydrogenase, reductase

36
Q

Transferases

A

Movement of a functional group, kinases (ATP)

OAT Biology (18 decks)

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