Reproductive System Flashcards
Gametogenesis
Production of gametes occurs in the gonads
Testes
Produce sperm
Ovaries
Produce eggs
Hermaphrodites
Possess both male and female functional anatomy
Spermatogenesis
Occurs in seminiferous tubes
Oogenesis
Occurs in the ovaries
Epididymis
Site of sperm cell maturation
Vas deferens
Epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Pathway of Sperm
Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis (SEVEN UP)
Leydig Cell
LH acts on to stimulate testosterone
Sertoli Cell
FSH acts on to develop sperm
Sperm Development
Spermatogonia -> Primary Spermatocytes -> Secondary -> Spermatids -> Spermatozoa
Egg Development
Primary oocyte -> secondary oocyte -> Meiosis 2 occurs at fertilization
Polar Body
Other smaller eggs produced, gets reabsorbed (3 polar bodies: 1 ovum)
Mature Ovum
Large cell containing cytoplasm, RNA, organelles, nutrients
Ovaries
Synthesize and secrete estrogen and progesterone (regulated by LH and FSH)
Estrogen
Female maturation
Progesterone
Secreted by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase, stimulates the development and maintenance of the endometrium for implantation
Menstrual Cycle
Follicular Phase, Ovulation, Luteal Phase, Menstruation
Follicular Phase
Growth of the follicle, decrease in progesterone, increasing GnRH and FSH
Ovulation
Follicle bursts, releases ovum into the fallopian tubes, surge of LH, peak estrogen levels
Luteal Phase
High LH levels began to drop, degradation of the corpus luteum, triggering menstruation
Menstruation
Corpus lutes atrophies due to decreased LH, drop in progesterone and estrogen levels
Corona Radiata
First barrier that the sperm must penetrate
Cortical Reaction
Calcium ions are released into the cytoplasm, formation of the fertilization membrane
