Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive Tract

Answer 1

Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Anus

Question 2

Accessory Organs

Answer 2

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

Breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles through physical actions, biting, chewing

Question 4

Chemical Digestion

Answer 4

Enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules and begins in the mouth when the salivary glands secrete saliva

Question 5

Salivary Amylase

Answer 5

Hydrolyzes starch to maltose

Question 6

Bolus

Answer 6

Swallowed food

Question 7

Esophagus

Answer 7

Muscular tube responsible for transporting the bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach

Question 8

Peristalsis

Answer 8

Rhythmic waves of involuntary muscular contractions that move the bolus down the esophagus; involuntary

Question 9

Epiglottis

Answer 9

Pinches off the trachea so that the bolus does not enter the respiratory system

Question 10

Sphincter

Answer 10

Closes off the esophagus from the stomach, prevents gastric acid

Question 11

Stomach

Answer 11

Partially digests food through both chemical and mechanical means

Question 12

Gastric Mucosa

Answer 12

Lines the walls of the stomach and contains the gastric pits and glands, secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining

Question 13

Chief Cells

Answer 13

Synthesize pepsinogen, converted to pepsin upon contact with stomach acid

Question 14

Parietal Cells

Answer 14

Synthesize and release hydrochloric acid which alters the pH of the stomach, kills bacteria, produces IF, absorption of B12

Question 15

Chyme

Answer 15

A semifluid mixture of partially digested food

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

Primary site of digestion, first segment

Question 17

Jejunum

Answer 17

Second segment

Question 18

Ileum

Answer 18

Third segment

Question 19

Villi

Answer 19

Increase the surface area of the intestines

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

Produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine

Question 21

Bile

Answer 21

Emulsifies fat, breaking down large globules into small droplets

Question 22

Emulsification

Answer 22

Increases the surface area of the fat, increasing the digestive actions of the pancreatic enzymes

Question 23

First Pass Effect

Answer 23

The majority of detoxification protects the body from ingested toxins

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

Releases amylase, lipase, trypsinogen

Question 25

Large Intestine

Answer 25

Absorbs salts and any water not already absorbed, contains gut flora, symbiotic bacteria

Question 26

Gastrin

Answer 26

Produced in G cells of duodenum, stimulates histamine and pepsinogen secretion, increase gastric blood flow, stimulates parietal cells to produce HCl, activates digestive enzymes

Question 27

Intrinsic Factor

Answer 27

A secretion of the parietal cells of the stomach that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12

Question 28

Cholecystokinin

Answer 28

Stimulates pancreatic enzymes, hunger suppressant

Question 29

Secretin

Answer 29

Synthesized and stored in the S cells of the upper intestine, stimulates bicarbonate substance

Question 30

Ghrelin

Answer 30

Synthesized both in the brain and the gut and serves as the hunger hormone

Question 31

Leptin

Answer 31

Synthesized in the adipose tissue serves as an antagonist to ghrelin, reduces hunger

Question 32

Where are proteins digested?

Answer 32

Stomach and Small Intestine

Question 33

Starch is hydrolyzed into maltose by

Answer 33

Pancreatic amylase

Question 34

The intestinal capillaries transport nutrients from the intestines to the

Answer 34

Liver