Integumentary/Immune System Flashcards
Dermis
Contains blood supply to the skin and most of the specialized cells
Epidermis
It contains mainly keratinocytes (corneocytes) or waterproof cells and sloughs off
5 Layers of the Epidermis
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Innate Immunity
The body’s initial generalized defense against pathogens, inflammation, physiologic response
Granulocytes
Attracted to the site of injury, phagocytize antigens and antigenetic material
3 Types of Granulocytes
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Neutrophils
Most common, first responders to sites of inflammation, attracted to cytokines, adapted to attack bacteria, main component of pus
Eosinophils
Responsible for immune responses, allergic and asthmatic responses
Basophils
Mast cells, allergic response, release of histamine, blood vessel dilation
Monocytes
Large, long-lived immune cells that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells
Macrophages
Phagocytize dead cells and pathogens
Dendritic Cells
Process antigens and present them to other immune cells, link between innate and adaptive immune response
Adaptive Immunity Cells
B Cells, T Cells (CD4+,CD8+), Antibodies
Innate Immunity Cells
Macrophages, Natural Killer Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
T lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity, development in bone marrow, travel to the thymus for maturation, released into the lymph to perform immune functions
Major Histocompatibility Protein Complex
Indicate that the corresponding T cell should perform its function, presents the antigen of the pathogen
CD8+ T cells
Cytotoxic T cells, recognize and respond to antigens presented by MHC I complexes
CD4+ T cells
T helper cells, recognize and respond to antigens presented by MHC II complexes
Natural Killer T cells
Respond to antigens presented by other types of cells
B lymphocytes
Begin development in the bone marrow, they do not travel to other part of the body, creat and express antibodies that have high affinity for antigens
Structure of immunoglobulins
Resembles a “Y” with antigens binding sites at either end of the “Y”, each side contains two chains, light and heavy
N site
Antigen binding site
C site
Cell-receptor binding region
Active Immunity
result of the immune response, due to exposure or vaccination
Passive Immunity
Acquired by the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, pregnancy (maternal antibodies)
Lymph
Flows through the lymphatic vessels from lymph node to lymph node
Lymph node
reservoirs of white blood cells (like spleen), filter for lymph, removing antigen-presenting cells and foreign matter
What is the role of histamine in the immune response?
To dilate the blood vessels
What type of cell responds to activated MHC II complexes?
Helper T cells (CD4+)
Which cells produce a memory-driven response to pathogens?
B lymphocytes
Where is the antigen-binding region found on the immunoglobulin structure?
N-terminus
