Developmental Biology

Question 1

Cleavage

Answer 1

Series of rapid mitotic divisions, increasing nuclei to cytoplasm, increases surface-area-to-volume ratio for improved exchange

Question 2

Morula

Answer 2

Solid ball of embryonic cells

Question 3

Blastulation

Answer 3

Morula develops a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel

Question 4

Blastula

Answer 4

Hollow sphere of cells

Question 5

Trophoblast

Answer 5

Outer layer of the blastula, role in the implantation of the blastula in the uterus

Question 6

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 6

Embryo implants outside the uterus

Question 7

Amnion

Answer 7

Thin, tough membrane containing a watery fluid called the amniotic fluid, shock absorber

Question 8

Chorion

Answer 8

Membrane that completely surrounds the amnion, assists with the transfer of nutrients

Question 9

Allantois

Answer 9

Third membrane, develops as an outpocketing of the gut

Question 10

Yolk Sac

Answer 10

Site of early development of blood vessels, associated with the umbilical vessels

Question 11

Ectoderm

Answer 11

Integumentary system, lens, retina, nervous system

Question 12

Mesoderm

Answer 12

Musculoskeletal, circulatory, excretory, connective tissue

Question 13

Endoderm

Answer 13

Epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory tract, bladder lining

Question 14

Neurulation

Answer 14

Germ layer develops into a rudimentary nervous system

Question 15

Neural Tube

Answer 15

Gives rise to the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Neural Crest Cells

Answer 16

Cells at the top of each neural fold, cells migrate and give rise to the peripheral nervous system

Question 17

Spina Bifida

Answer 17

Neural tube does not close properly

Question 18

Organogenesis

Answer 18

The body organs begin to form, cells differentiate and migrate

Question 19

Gametogenesis

Answer 19

Eggs/Sperm develop

Question 20

Teratogens

Answer 20

Drugs, alcohol, tobacco

Question 21

Vertical Transmission

Answer 21

Mother passes an infection directly to the developing offspring

Question 22

Angiosperm Fertilation

Answer 22

Double Fertilization, One sperm fertilizes and one sperm forms the endosperm

Question 23

Sporophyte

Answer 23

Produces haploid spores via meiosis

Question 24

Gametophyte

Answer 24

Produces gametes via mitosis

Question 25

Epicotyl

Answer 25

Precursor of the upper stem and leaves

Question 26

Cotyledon

Answer 26

Seed leaves, dicots have two seed leaves

Question 27

Hypocotyl

Answer 27

The lower stem and root

Question 28

Endosperm

Answer 28

Feeds the embryo in angiosperms

Question 29

Seed Coat

Answer 29

The outer covering of the ovule

Question 30

Germination

Answer 30

Seeed sprouting into a seedling

Question 31

Meristem Cells

Answer 31

Growth in higher plants, undifferentiated

Question 32

Apical Meristem

Answer 32

Tips of roots/stems, growth in length

Question 33

Lateral Meristem

Answer 33

Between the xylem and phloem, permits growth in diameter