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OAT Biology > Circulatory/Respiratory > Flashcards

Circulatory/Respiratory Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Right Heart

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward lungs)

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2
Q

Left Heart

A

Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)

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3
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers, thin-walled

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4
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers, extremely muscular, force to drive blood

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5
Q

Left Ventricle

A

More muscular than the right ventricle, responsible for generating the force that propels the systemic circulation, pumps against a higher resistance

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6
Q

Hypertrophied

A

Enlarged left ventricle, leads to congestive heart failure

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7
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Blood returns from the body through this cavity into the right atrium

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8
Q

Blood-> Lungs

A

Superior vena cavity -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar vale -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs

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9
Q

Lungs -> Blood

A

Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> bicuspid -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta

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10
Q

Atrioventricular

A

Between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart, prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

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11
Q

Tricuspid

A

Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps

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12
Q

Bicuspid

A

Valve on the left side of the heart has two cusps

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13
Q

Systole

A

Period during which the ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the heart into the pulmonary and systemic circulation

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14
Q

Diastole

A

Period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers

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15
Q

Lacteals

A

Smallest lymphatic vessels, collect fat in chylomicrons, delivered into bloodstream

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16
Q

Bundle of His

A

Branches into the right and left bundle branches

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Modifies the rate of heart contraction

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18
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Secretion causes an increase in heart rate

19
Q

Arteries

A

Thick-walled, muscular elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart

20
Q

Veins

A

Thin-walled, inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

21
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest diameter of all three type of vessels, red-blood cells must often travel through them single file

22
Q

Plasma

A

Aqueous, non-cellular, salts, wastes, and proteins

23
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBCs, protection

24
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments, clotting

25
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBCs, oxygen-carrying, hemoglobin, stem cell bone marrow (4 Fe)

26
Q

Antigens

A

Macronutrients, trigger response

27
Q

Intestinal Capillaries

A

Site of amino acids/sugars absorbed into the bloodstream

28
Q

Platelet Plug

A

Platelets release a chemical causing adhesion

29
Q

Thromboplastin

A

Ca2+, Vitamin K, convert inactive plasma prothrombin to thrombin

30
Q

Clotting Cascade

A

Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrinogen -> Fibrin -> Clot

31
Q

Respiratory System

A

Nose -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli

32
Q

Alveoli

A

Gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls, moist respiratory surface, very large surface area

33
Q

Inhalation

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the external intercostal muscles contract, pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out, increasing volume, reducing pressure, and causing lungs to expand

34
Q

Exhalation

A

Passive process, diaphragm relaxes, decreases volume, increases pressure, lungs deflate

35
Q

Surfactant

A

Protein complex secreted by the lungs, keeps the lungs from collapsing by decreasing surface tension in the alveoli

36
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Ventilation is regulated by neurons

37
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Monitor oxygen blood levels, stimulate the respiratory center

38
Q

Pulmonary Capillaries

A

A dense network of minute blood vessels surrounds the alveoli

39
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Represents the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold

40
Q

Tidal Volume

A

The volume of air moved during a normal resting breath

41
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume of air that could be additionally inhaled into the lungs at the end of a normal, resting inhalation

42
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume of air left in the lungs at the end of a normal, resting exhalation

43
Q

Residual Volume

A

Air left in the lungs to keep the alveoli patent

OAT Biology (18 decks)

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