Metabolism

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 H2O + 6 CO2

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

Two molecules of pyruvate from one glucose molecule, 2 ATP invested, 4 ATP gained, Net 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 3

Alcohol Fermentation

Answer 3

Yeast/bacteria, pyruvate to ethanol, NAD+ regenerated

Question 4

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 4

Oxygen supply to muscle cells lags behind glucose catabolism, pyruvate reduces to lactic acid, NAD+ regenerated

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

Yields 36-38 ATP

Question 6

TCA Cycle

Answer 6

2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2

Question 7

Proton Gradient

Answer 7

H+ is pumped out of the matrix into the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

NADH

Answer 8

3 ATP

Question 9

FADH2

Answer 9

2 ATP

Question 10

Succinate to Fumarate

Answer 10

FADH2 to ETC

Question 11

Preferential Order

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

Question 12

Beta-oxidation

Answer 12

Each round generates 1 NADH and 1 FADH2

Question 13

Transamination Reaction

Answer 13

Lose an amino group to form an alpha-keto acid, conversion to acetyl-CoA, pyruvate

Question 14

Oxidative Deamination

Answer 14

Removes ammonia from amino acids, ammonia is toxic and needs to be converted to uric acid for excretion

Question 15

Photosynthesis

Answer 15

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O

Question 16

Light Reactions

Answer 16

Split H2O, produce ATP and NADPH

Question 17

Dark Reactions

Answer 17

Form sugar

Question 18

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

Answer 18

P700, ATP Production

Question 19

Noncyclic Electron Flow

Answer 19

P680 -> P680 (PSII) -> P700, O2 creation

Question 20

Calvin Cycle

Answer 20

CO2 fixed to RBP, Unstable split to PGA, six turns required for 12 PGAL