Evolution Flashcards
Agents of Evolutionary Change
Overpopulation, Variation, Competition, Natural Selection, Inheritance of Variation, Evolution of New Species
Speciation
Evolution of new species
Isolation
No gene flow
Phylogeny
Evolutionary History
Convergent Evolution
Two species from different ancestors develop similar traits
Parallel Evolution
A more recent ancestor between two species that develop similar traits
Divergent Evolution
Species with a shared ancestor develop differing traits due to dissimilarities between their environments
Adaptive Radiation
Emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species
Gene Pool
Total sum of alleles for any given trait in a population
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
p + q = 1, P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Hardy Weinberg Conditions
Large Population, No mutations, Random selection, No net migration
Genetic Drift
Changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance, are more pronounced in small populations (founder effect)
Bottleneck
Large die-off events that cause genetic drift
Amber
resin of trees
Petrification
Minerals replace the cells of an organism
Homologous Structure
Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origin (i.e. Whale flipper, forelegs of horse)
Analogous Structure
Similar function but may have different evolutionary origins (i.e. Fly wing, bird wing)
Vestigial Structure
No known current function, but apparent ancestral function (i.e. appendix, tail)
Primordial Soup
Methane, Hydrogen, Ammonia, Water
Porifera
Sponges
Radiates (Cnidaria)
Jellyfish
Acoelomates
Flatworms (no body cavity)
Pseudocoelomates
Roundworms (Body cavity not enclosed by mesoderm)
Coelomates
Body cavity enclosed by mesoderm
