Urinary Flashcards
Function of the kidneys
Excretion
Regulation of bl pressure/volume
Regulation of electrolytes and pH
Excretion
Filter blood plasma an eliminate toxic substances
Kidney gross anatomy
Fibrous capsule
Hilum
Blood vessels
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Fibrous capsule
A cover made of fat and collagenous fibers that surrounds the organ
Hilum
Concave area of the kidney
Where the artery, vein, and pelvis enter/exit
Blood vessels
Renal artery
- oxygenated unfiltered blood
Renal vein
- deoxygenated filtered blood
Cortex
Outer functional layer of the kidney
Contains nephrons
Medulla
Inner functional layer of the kidney
Made up of renal pyramids
Renal pelvis
Enlarged chamber that is formed by all of the calyx coming together
Leads to the ureter
Ureter
Carries urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder
Calyx
Carry urine from the renal pyramids to the renal pelvis
Renal columns
Internal extensions of the renal cortex
The nephron
Found in the cortex
Filter blood and produce urine
Parts of a nephron
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubules
Renal corpuscle
Beginning of the nephron
Located in the cortex tissue
Parts of the renal corpuscle
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Glomerular capsule
Afferent arteriole
Brings in blood that needs to be filtered
Glomerulus
Network of capillaries at the end of the Afferent arteriole
These capillaries that holes that allow small substances to leak out of the blood stream
Efferent arteriole
Carries everything that didn’t leave the capillaries out of the glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
Collection of cells that wrap around the glomerulus and contain everything that left the capillaries of the glomerulus
Glomerular filtrate
The stuff that leaks out of the (glomerulus) capillaries
Renal tubules
Further process the glomerular filtrate
Located in both the cortex and medulla
Proximal convoluted tubule
Simple cuboidal epithelium with Microvilli
As filtrate passes through the body tries to reabsorb substances it needs
Nephron loop
Thin segment
Thick segment
Descending loop
Ascending loop
Thin segment of the nephron loop
Makes the u-turn btw ascending and descending limbs
Simple squamous epithelium for water reabsorption
Thick segment of the nephron loop
Makes the straight portion of the ascending and descending limbs
Simple cuboidal epithelium for active transport
Distal convoluted tubule
Cuboidal epithelial tissue with no Microvilli
End of the nephron
Collecting duct
Where the material that has been processed is dumbed by the nephrons
Peritubular capillaries
Come from the efferent arteriole
Surround the nephrons
Take back substances for the body
Glomerular filtration
Fluid passes from the capillaries in glomerulus to the capsule via the filtration membrane
Glomerular filtrate
The fluid that has been filtered from the blood plasma in the glomerulus and passes throughout the nephron
Filtration membrane
A physical barrier between the fluid in the bloodstream and fluid outside the bloodstream
Layers of the filtration membrane
Fenestrated endothelium of the capillary
Shared basement membrane
Filtration slits
Fenestrated endothelium of capillary
Wall of the capillary that has holes in it
Glomerular filtration through the filtration membrane
Particles in the blood are pushed out through these holes by an increase in blood pressure caused by a decrease in blood vessel size
What is filtered in glomerular filtration?
Water
Electrolytes
Fatty acids
Amino acids
Nitrogenous waste
Vitamins
Tubular reabsorption
The ability of blood to reabsorb material that it needs
PCT reabsorbs the majority of the glomerular filtrate and also water
Nephron loop and DCT absorb mostly water
Tubular secretion
(Happens throughout the whole process)
Capillaries add additional substances to the tubules that did not make it out in the filtration process
Water conservation
Last chance to reabsorb water
Primarily in the final collecting duct
Once the filtrate has entered the collecting duct it is considered urine
Urine formation
Glomerulus filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Water conservation
