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A&P > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Composed of C6H12O6
Primary used for energy
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
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3
Q

Disaccharides

A
  1. Lactose
  2. Sucrose
  3. Maltose
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4
Q

Polysaccharides

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Starch
  3. Glycogen
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5
Q

Lipids

A

Composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen( very few oxygen)
1. Fatty acids
2. Triglycerides
3. Phospholipids
4. Steroids

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6
Q

Proteins

A

Composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

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7
Q

Protein functions

A

Structure- keratin, collagen
Communication
Membrane support
Catalysis- enzymes
Recognition
Protection- antibodies
Movement- actin, myosin
Cell adhesion

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8
Q

Nucleic acids and nucleotides

A
  1. DNA
  2. RNA
  3. ATP
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9
Q

DNA

A

Contains information on the order of amino acids needed to make proteins for the body.

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10
Q

RNA

A

Helps interpret the information on the DNA

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11
Q

ATP

A

Stores energy formed from the breakdown of carbs and other molecules.
Used by the cells as their available energy.

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12
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide

Bread, potatoes, fruit

Most common source of energy for the body

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13
Q

Fructose

A

Monosaccharide
Fruit, honey
Converted into glucose for energy

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14
Q

Galactose

A

Monosaccharide
Dairy products
Converted into glucose for use

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15
Q

Sucrose

A

Disaccharide
Cane sugar

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16
Q

Lactose

A

Disaccharide
Milk sugar

17
Q

Maltose

A

Disaccharide
Grains

18
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide
Used by plants for structure
Dietary fiber for humans

19
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide
Used by plants as energy
We digest into glucose

20
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide
Animals use as energy storage
We use in our livers and muscles

21
Q

Fatty acids (composition and function)

A
  • Saturated or unsaturated
  • Linear chains of carbon bonded to hydrogen with an acid group (C-O-OH) on the end
  • Used for energy or as building blocks for more complex lipids
22
Q

Triglycerides
(Composition and function)

A
  • Composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
  • used to store fatty acids, thermal regulation, and protection
23
Q

Phospholipids
(Composition and function)

A
  • Two fatty acids attached to a phosphate molecule (amphiphilic)
  • Phosphate (head) is hydrophilic
  • Fatty acid (tails) are hydrophobic
  • Used to create membranes
24
Q

Steroids

A
  • Composed of 4 carbon atoms bonded together
  • Hydrophobic
  • Used to stabilize, build other steroids, or as hormones

A&P (16 decks)

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