Chemistry Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Composed of C6H12O6
Primary used for energy
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
Disaccharides
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- Maltose
Polysaccharides
- Cellulose
- Starch
- Glycogen
Lipids
Composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen( very few oxygen)
1. Fatty acids
2. Triglycerides
3. Phospholipids
4. Steroids
Proteins
Composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
Protein functions
Structure- keratin, collagen
Communication
Membrane support
Catalysis- enzymes
Recognition
Protection- antibodies
Movement- actin, myosin
Cell adhesion
Nucleic acids and nucleotides
- DNA
- RNA
- ATP
DNA
Contains information on the order of amino acids needed to make proteins for the body.
RNA
Helps interpret the information on the DNA
ATP
Stores energy formed from the breakdown of carbs and other molecules.
Used by the cells as their available energy.
Glucose
Monosaccharide
Bread, potatoes, fruit
Most common source of energy for the body
Fructose
Monosaccharide
Fruit, honey
Converted into glucose for energy
Galactose
Monosaccharide
Dairy products
Converted into glucose for use
Sucrose
Disaccharide
Cane sugar
Lactose
Disaccharide
Milk sugar
Maltose
Disaccharide
Grains
Cellulose
Polysaccharide
Used by plants for structure
Dietary fiber for humans
Starch
Polysaccharide
Used by plants as energy
We digest into glucose
Glycogen
Polysaccharide
Animals use as energy storage
We use in our livers and muscles
Fatty acids (composition and function)
- Saturated or unsaturated
- Linear chains of carbon bonded to hydrogen with an acid group (C-O-OH) on the end
- Used for energy or as building blocks for more complex lipids
Triglycerides
(Composition and function)
- Composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
- used to store fatty acids, thermal regulation, and protection
Phospholipids
(Composition and function)
- Two fatty acids attached to a phosphate molecule (amphiphilic)
- Phosphate (head) is hydrophilic
- Fatty acid (tails) are hydrophobic
- Used to create membranes
Steroids
- Composed of 4 carbon atoms bonded together
- Hydrophobic
- Used to stabilize, build other steroids, or as hormones
