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A&P > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Squamous

A

Flat and thin

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2
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube

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3
Q

Columnar

A

Tall and thin

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4
Q

Basic components of a cell

A

Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Cytoplasm composition

A

Cytosol
Organelles

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6
Q

Cell surface components

A

Plasma membrane
Surface extensions

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7
Q

Plasma membrane functions

A

Shape
Protection
Communication
Transport

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8
Q

Membrane lipids

A

Phospholipid bilayer
- semi permeable
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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9
Q

Membrane protein functions

A

Receptors
Enzymes
Ion channels
Gated ion channels
Cell identity markers
Cell adhesion molecules

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10
Q

Surface extensions

A

Microvilli
Cilia
Flagella

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11
Q

Membrane transport mechanisms

A

Active
Passive

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12
Q

Organelle types

A

Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles

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13
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid in the cell (intercellular fluid)

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14
Q

Organelles

A

Facilitate specific functions

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15
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area (absorption)

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Non-motile (sensory)
Motile (propel fluid)

17
Q

Flagella

A

Tail of sperm

18
Q

Membrane transport mechanisms

A

Filtration
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Carrier-mediated transport
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
Vesicular transport
- endocytosis
- exocytosis

19
Q

Filtration

20
Q

Simple diffusion

A

High concentration to low

21
Q

Osmosis

A

High water concentration to low

22
Q

Carrier-mediated transport
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport

A

Uses transmembrane proteins
- through protein w no ATP
- through protein w ATP

23
Q

Vesicular transport
- endocytosis
- exocytosis

A

Transports large molecules
(Uses ATP)
- moves substances into cell
- moves substances out of cell

24
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Control center
  • Contains DNA
  • Surrounded by nuclear envelope
  • contains nucleolus
25
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomes

26
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

System of channels (cisternae)
- rough and smooth

27
Q

Rough ER

A
  • Continuous w nuclear envelope
  • covered with ribosomes (site of protein production)
28
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • continuous with rough ER
  • no ribosomes
  • helps detox cytoplasm
29
Q

Ribosomes

A

Read genetic info and produces peptides and proteins

30
Q

Golgi complex

A
  • Stacks of cisternae
  • finishes proteins and synthesis carbs into ATP
  • golgi vesicles transport products
31
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • specialized golgi vesicle
  • hollow pockets contains digestive enzymes
  • travel through cell and break down unwanted material
32
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • Resemble lysosomes
  • produced by endoplasmic reticulum
  • detox Cytosol
33
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • oval w internal folds
  • synthesized ATP
34
Q

Centrioles

A
  • short, cylindrical, assembly of microtubules
  • found in pairs perpendicular to each other
  • used in cell division

A&P (16 decks)

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