Histology Flashcards
Epithelial characteristics
Covers surfaces
Avascular
Rests upon a basement membrane and extends up to a free or apical surface
Epithelial composition
Composed of tightly packed, highly mitotic cells with little to no matrix
Epithelial functions 6
Protection
Secretion
Excretion
Absorption
Filtration
Sensation
Connective tissue characteristics
Vascularized
Consists of mostly matrix with widely spaced cells
Connective tissue functions 8
Binds organs
Support
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat protection
Transportation
Matrix characteristics
Non-living
Consists of fibers and ground substances
Cell types in fibrous connective tissue 6
Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Plasma cells
Adipocytes
Connective tissue classification
Fibrous
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Types of fibrous connective tissue
Areolar
Reticular
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Areolar (fibrous CT)
Space between cells
Elastic and collagen’s fibers
Lots of ground substance and blood vessels
Underlying epithelial tissue
Reticular (fibrous CT)
Sponge-like network amongst various blood cells
Used for filtering material out of lymph
Found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen
Dense regular (fibrous CT)
Lots of collagen and elastin fibers in parallel alignment
Organized wavy pattern
Few cells
Rope-like, resists stress in one direction
Forms ligaments and tendons
Dense irregular (fibrous CT)
Few cells
Not organized
Withstand multidirectional forces
Found in dermis (deep layers)
Adipose (loose CT)
Little to no matrix
Closely packed adipocytes
Stores triglycerides
Found beneath skin, within breasts and around organs
Cartilage composition
Consists of chondrites surrounded by rubbery matrix
Avascular
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Glassy appearance form collagen
Found at the end of bones, trachea, larynx, and fetal skeleton
Elastic cartilage
Has elasticity from collagen and elastin
Found in external ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
Coarse collagen fibers make it stronger for chronic pressure
Found in the disks between vertebra, menisci of the knees and pubic symphysis
Bone composition
Osteocytes surrounded but matrix
Bone function
Support
Leverage
Mineral storage
Protection
Blood composition
Liquid matrix
Composed of formed elements
- white blood cells
- red blood cells
- platelets
Blood functions
Transports substances through the body
Nervous tissue composition
Neurons
Neuroglia
Nervous tissue function
Transmits electrical signals for communication
Neurons
Highly excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
Neuralgia
Support neurons
Muscular tissue composition
Myocytes capable of contracting
Three types of muscular tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Glands
Cells or organs that secrete or excrete
Two basic types of glands
Endocrine
Exocrine
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones into blood
Exocrine glands
Use ducks to excrete to a near by surface
Membranes
Flat sheets or layers made up of several types of tissue
Types of membranes
Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Endothelium
Cutaneous
Mucous membrane
Line passageways to exterior
Three layers (epithelium, Areolar connective, smooth muscle)
Functions: absorption, secretion, protection
Serous membrane
Simple squamous epithelium over Areolar connective
Produces serous fluid
Lines internal cavities
Found in main body cavities
Parietal (touches cavity wall) and visceral (touches organ)
Cutaneous membrane
Skin
Endothelium
Lines circulatory system
Simple squamous on Areolar
Allows for gas exchange
Cutaneous
Skin
Types of connective tissues
Fibrous
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
