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A&P > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle functions 5

A

Movement
Stability
Control body openings and passages
Heat production
Glycemic control

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2
Q

Muscle characteristics 5

A

Excitability
Conductivity
Contractibility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle shapes

A

Fusiform
Parallel
Triangular
Pennate (Uni, bi, multi)
Circular

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4
Q

Fusiform muscle

A
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5
Q

Parallel muscle

A
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6
Q

Triangular muscle

A
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7
Q

Pennate muscle

A
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8
Q

Circular muscle

A
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9
Q

Origin

A

The anchored end of the muscle

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10
Q

Insertion

A

Attached to the moving part of the body

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11
Q

Prime mover

A

Provides the primary force for the action

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12
Q

Synergist

A

Aids the prime mover

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13
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizes the part of the body that the moving muscle is attached to

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14
Q

Antagonists

A

Counteracts the prime mover

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15
Q

Facia

A

Connective tissue that separates the muscle from other muscles and organs

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16
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle

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17
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that surrounds and defines fascicles

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18
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue that separates individual muscle fibers

19
Q

Muscle structure

A

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber

20
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane
- T tubules

21
Q

T tubules

A

Infoldings from the sarcolemma that penetrate and conduct impulses from one side of the cell to the other

22
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm
- glycogen
- myoglobin
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- myofibrils

23
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide
Is converted into glucose to produce ATP

24
Q

Myoglobin

A

Protein that binds to oxygen making it available to cells

25
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Store and release calcium for the contraction process

26
Q

Myofibrils

A

Most prominent organelle
Contain myofilaments

27
Q

Thick filaments

A

Bundles of contractile proteins called myosin
Each myosin has a head and tail
The head attached to thin filament

28
Q

Thin filaments

A

Consist of two intertwined contractile proteins called actin and two additional proteins called troponin and tropomyosin
The actin contains binding sites for myosin heads

29
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Covers binding sites on actin when the muscle is resting

30
Q

Troponin

A

Allows or prevents contraction
Has binding sites for calcium
When calcium is present, troponin triggers tropomyosin to move

31
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Contain spring like filaments that anchor the thick filaments in place, help them to recoil and prevent overstretching

32
Q

Sarcomere

A

Collection of thin, thick, and elastic filaments found between two z disks

33
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry informations from cns to the muscle

34
Q

Motor unit

A

Consist of a motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it controls
Either completely acting or completely resting

35
Q

Synaptic knob

A

Each branch from the motor neuron has an enlarged terminal
Contains synaptic vesicles

36
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Small sacs that contain neurotransmitters

37
Q

ACh (Acectylcholine)

A

Neurotransmitter used to stimulate the skeletal muscle at a specific neuromuscular junction

38
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Physical space btw synaptic knob and muscle cell

39
Q

ACh receptors

40
Q

AChE (Acetylcholinesterase)

A

An enzyme in the synaptic cleft that destroys ACh to stop contraction

41
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleate

42
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary
Striated
Intercalated discs

43
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary
Non-striated

A&P (16 decks)

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