Muscles

Question 1

Muscle functions 5

Answer 1

Movement
Stability
Control body openings and passages
Heat production
Glycemic control

Question 2

Muscle characteristics 5

Answer 2

Excitability
Conductivity
Contractibility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 3

Skeletal muscle shapes

Answer 3

Fusiform
Parallel
Triangular
Pennate (Uni, bi, multi)
Circular

Question 4

Fusiform muscle

Question 5

Parallel muscle

Question 6

Triangular muscle

Question 7

Pennate muscle

Question 8

Circular muscle

Question 9

Origin

Answer 9

The anchored end of the muscle

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

Attached to the moving part of the body

Question 11

Prime mover

Answer 11

Provides the primary force for the action

Question 12

Synergist

Answer 12

Aids the prime mover

Question 13

Fixator

Answer 13

Stabilizes the part of the body that the moving muscle is attached to

Question 14

Antagonists

Answer 14

Counteracts the prime mover

Question 15

Facia

Answer 15

Connective tissue that separates the muscle from other muscles and organs

Question 16

Epimysium

Answer 16

Connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle

Question 17

Perimysium

Answer 17

Connective tissue that surrounds and defines fascicles

Question 18

Endomysium

Answer 18

Connective tissue that separates individual muscle fibers

Question 19

Muscle structure

Answer 19

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber

Question 20

Sarcolemma

Answer 20

Cell membrane
- T tubules

Question 21

T tubules

Answer 21

Infoldings from the sarcolemma that penetrate and conduct impulses from one side of the cell to the other

Question 22

Sarcoplasm

Answer 22

Cytoplasm
- glycogen
- myoglobin
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- myofibrils

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Polysaccharide
Is converted into glucose to produce ATP

Question 24

Myoglobin

Answer 24

Protein that binds to oxygen making it available to cells

Question 25

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Store and release calcium for the contraction process

Question 26

Myofibrils

Answer 26

Most prominent organelle
Contain myofilaments

Question 27

Thick filaments

Answer 27

Bundles of contractile proteins called myosin
Each myosin has a head and tail
The head attached to thin filament

Question 28

Thin filaments

Answer 28

Consist of two intertwined contractile proteins called actin and two additional proteins called troponin and tropomyosin
The actin contains binding sites for myosin heads

Question 29

Tropomyosin

Answer 29

Covers binding sites on actin when the muscle is resting

Question 30

Troponin

Answer 30

Allows or prevents contraction
Has binding sites for calcium
When calcium is present, troponin triggers tropomyosin to move

Question 31

Elastic fibers

Answer 31

Contain spring like filaments that anchor the thick filaments in place, help them to recoil and prevent overstretching

Question 32

Sarcomere

Answer 32

Collection of thin, thick, and elastic filaments found between two z disks

Question 33

Motor neurons

Answer 33

Carry informations from cns to the muscle

Question 34

Motor unit

Answer 34

Consist of a motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it controls
Either completely acting or completely resting

Question 35

Synaptic knob

Answer 35

Each branch from the motor neuron has an enlarged terminal
Contains synaptic vesicles

Question 36

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 36

Small sacs that contain neurotransmitters

Question 37

ACh (Acectylcholine)

Answer 37

Neurotransmitter used to stimulate the skeletal muscle at a specific neuromuscular junction

Question 38

Synaptic cleft

Answer 38

Physical space btw synaptic knob and muscle cell

Question 39

ACh receptors

Question 40

AChE (Acetylcholinesterase)

Answer 40

An enzyme in the synaptic cleft that destroys ACh to stop contraction

Question 41

Skeletal muscle

Answer 41

Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleate

Question 42

Cardiac muscle

Answer 42

Involuntary
Striated
Intercalated discs

Question 43

Smooth muscle

Answer 43

Involuntary
Non-striated