Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Skin functions

A

Resistance to trauma
Other barrier functions
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Nonverbal communication

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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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3
Q

Epidermis composition

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Epidermis characteristics

A

Contains dead cells packed with keratin
Avascular
Few nerve supply
Highly mitotic

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5
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A

Mitotic stem cells
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Keratinocytes
Dendritic

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6
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum corneum

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7
Q

Dermis

A

Provides support for the epidermis

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8
Q

Dermis layers

A

Papillary layer (superficial)
Reticular layer (deep)

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9
Q

Structures of the dermis

A

Hair
Glands
Follicles

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10
Q

Hypodermis

A

Binds skin to underlying tissue and structures
Highly vascular

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11
Q

Hair structure

A

Follicle- hollow tube around
Bulb- base(living cells)
Root-
Shaft- exposed

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12
Q

Nails

A

Extension of the stratum corneum

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13
Q

Structure of the nail

A

Plate- visible
Root- embedded under skin
Matrix- stratum basale (sight of growth)

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14
Q

Cutaneous glands

A

Endocrine
Exocrine

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15
Q

Types of exocrine glands

A

Sweat glands- sweat
Sebaceous- sebum (oil)
Ceruminous- Cerumen (ear wax)
Mammary- milk

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16
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Apocrine- sweat into hair follicle (scent)
Merocrine- sweat onto skin

17
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecified
Help repair damage

18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin which protects the skin, heals wounds, and keeps nails and hair healthy

19
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin which protects against UV

20
Q

Tactile cells

A

Transmit stimuli to the CNS

21
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Identify antigens and stimulate the immune response

22
Q

Stratum basale

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

Site of new skin production

23
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Keratinocytes and dendritic cells

Thickest layer

24
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Keratinocytes

Waterproof; keratinocytes start to die

25
Stratum lucidum
Keratinocytes Only in thick skin
26
Stratum corneum
Dead keratinocytes and keratin Resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
27
Dermal pipillae
Projections from the dermis that connect with the epidermis
28
Epidermal ridges
Projections from the epidermis that connect with the dermis
29
Papillary layer
Thin, superficial Loose Areolar connective
30
Reticular
Thick, deep Dense irregular connective
31
Subcutaneous tissue cells
Fat cells, collagen, blood vessels, and nerves
32
Subcutaneous tissue function
Insulation, thermoregulation, chock absorption, structural support, energy storage
33
Subcutaneous fat cells
Adipose tissue
34
Subcutaneous fat function
Pads muscles and bones Thermoregulation