Integumentary Flashcards
Skin functions
Resistance to trauma
Other barrier functions
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Nonverbal communication
Layers of the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Epidermis composition
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis characteristics
Contains dead cells packed with keratin
Avascular
Few nerve supply
Highly mitotic
Cells of the epidermis
Mitotic stem cells
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Keratinocytes
Dendritic
Layers of the epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum corneum
Dermis
Provides support for the epidermis
Dermis layers
Papillary layer (superficial)
Reticular layer (deep)
Structures of the dermis
Hair
Glands
Follicles
Hypodermis
Binds skin to underlying tissue and structures
Highly vascular
Hair structure
Follicle- hollow tube around
Bulb- base(living cells)
Root-
Shaft- exposed
Nails
Extension of the stratum corneum
Structure of the nail
Plate- visible
Root- embedded under skin
Matrix- stratum basale (sight of growth)
Cutaneous glands
Endocrine
Exocrine
Types of exocrine glands
Sweat glands- sweat
Sebaceous- sebum (oil)
Ceruminous- Cerumen (ear wax)
Mammary- milk
Types of sweat glands
Apocrine- sweat into hair follicle (scent)
Merocrine- sweat onto skin
Stem cells
Unspecified
Help repair damage
Keratinocytes
Produce keratin which protects the skin, heals wounds, and keeps nails and hair healthy
Melanocytes
Produce melanin which protects against UV
Tactile cells
Transmit stimuli to the CNS
Dendritic cells
Identify antigens and stimulate the immune response
Stratum basale
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
Site of new skin production
Stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes and dendritic cells
Thickest layer
Stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes
Waterproof; keratinocytes start to die
Stratum lucidum
Keratinocytes
Only in thick skin
Stratum corneum
Dead keratinocytes and keratin
Resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
Dermal pipillae
Projections from the dermis that connect with the epidermis
Epidermal ridges
Projections from the epidermis that connect with the dermis
Papillary layer
Thin, superficial
Loose Areolar connective
Reticular
Thick, deep
Dense irregular connective
Subcutaneous tissue cells
Fat cells, collagen, blood vessels, and nerves
Subcutaneous tissue function
Insulation, thermoregulation, chock absorption, structural support, energy storage
Subcutaneous fat cells
Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous fat function
Pads muscles and bones
Thermoregulation
