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Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive process

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation

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2
Q

Digestive tract

A

Mouth to large intestine

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3
Q

Four layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscular
Serosa

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4
Q

Mucosa

A

Inner layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Secretion and absorption

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5
Q

Sub mucosa

A

Connective tissue, bl. Vessels, glands, nerves
Supports other layers of

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6
Q

Muscularis

A

Skeletal muscle in mouth and upper esophagus
Smooth muscle in lower esophagus and down the digestive tract
Inner layer- circular
Outer layer- longitudinal

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7
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Covering

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8
Q

Accessories to the digestive system

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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9
Q

Mouth functions

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Swallowing
Speech
Respiration

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10
Q

Tongue functions

A

Manipulates food
Speech
Indicates swallowing

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11
Q

Tongue accessories

A

Lingual papillae (taste buds)
Lingual frenulum- attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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12
Q

Palate

A

Forms the roof of the mouth

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13
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion
Formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone

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14
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior portion
Made of skeletal muscle and glandular tissue

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15
Q

Uvula

A

Keeps food in the oral cavity by closing the Nasopharynx when swallowing

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16
Q

Teeth components

A

Enamel
Dentine
Cementum

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17
Q

Enamel

A

Covers the exposed portion of the tooth
Non-living

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18
Q

Cementum

A

Covers the root
Non-living

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19
Q

Dentine

A

Hard tissue
Makes up most of the internal tooth
Lines the root canal
Living

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20
Q

Parts of a tooth

A

Crown
Neck
Root

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21
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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22
Q

Pharynx

A

Moves the bolus to the esophagus

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23
Q

Esophagus

A

Moves the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach (peristalsis)

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24
Q

Stomach

A

Stores and digests chyme

25
Gastric rugae
Folds in the stomach that allow for expansion
26
Three layers of the stomach
Longitudinal Circular Oblique
27
Regions of the stomach
Cardiac Fundic Body Pyloric
28
Glands in the stomach
Pyloric gland Gastric gland
29
Gastric gland
Depression of the stomach Lined with epithelium consisting of three cells - mucous - parietal - chief
30
Mucous cell
Secretes mucous
31
Parietal cell
Secretes HCI (activates enzymes) Secretes intrinsic factor (absorbs vitamin B12)
32
Chief cell
Secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) Secretes gastric lipase (breaks down fat)
33
Pancreas
Transports pancreas juices in the small intestine through the pancreatic duct
34
Pancreatic juices
Water Enzymes Electrolytes Sodium bicarbonate
35
Liver
Bile production Toxin removal Storage of glycogen and vitamins Conversion of organic compounds into useable forms
36
Lobes of the liver
Right Left Caudate Quadrate
37
Gall bladder
Stores and concentrates bile
38
Small intestine segments
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
39
Duodenum
First segment of the small intestine Chemical digestion and absorption
40
Jejunum
Middle segment of the small intestine Final digestion and absorption
41
Ileum
Final segment of the small intestine Absorption Primary site of water absorption
42
Circular folds in the intestinal walls
Run the entire length of the small intestine Slow down the chyme, allowing it to mix with pancreas juices and bile
43
Villi
Absorption in the small intestine
44
Intestinal crypts
Between the villi Contain panteth cells that release antibacterial enzymes
45
Large intestine gross anatomy
Cecum Colon Rectum Anus
46
Anus
External opening
47
Colon parts
Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid
48
Cecum
Small pouch at the beginning g of the large intestine Attaches to the appendix and the ileocecal valve
49
Appendix
Contains lymphocytes, immune cells and bacteria
50
Ileocecal valve
Regulates the passage of chyme from the ileum to the cecum
51
Salivary amylase
In the mouth Breaks polysaccharides into disaccharides
52
Pancreatic amylase
In the small intestine Polysaccharides to disaccharides
53
Pepsin
In the stomach Protein to peptides
54
Bile salts
In the stomach Emulsification
55
Pancreatic lipase
Triglycerides to fatty acids
56
Where are carbs digested?
Mouth and small intestine
57
Where are proteins broken down
In the stomach
58
Where are lipids broken down?
In the small intestine

A&P (16 decks)

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