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A&P > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive process

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation

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2
Q

Digestive tract

A

Mouth to large intestine

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3
Q

Four layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscular
Serosa

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4
Q

Mucosa

A

Inner layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Secretion and absorption

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5
Q

Sub mucosa

A

Connective tissue, bl. Vessels, glands, nerves
Supports other layers of

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6
Q

Muscularis

A

Skeletal muscle in mouth and upper esophagus
Smooth muscle in lower esophagus and down the digestive tract
Inner layer- circular
Outer layer- longitudinal

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7
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Covering

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8
Q

Accessories to the digestive system

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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9
Q

Mouth functions

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Swallowing
Speech
Respiration

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10
Q

Tongue functions

A

Manipulates food
Speech
Indicates swallowing

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11
Q

Tongue accessories

A

Lingual papillae (taste buds)
Lingual frenulum- attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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12
Q

Palate

A

Forms the roof of the mouth

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13
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion
Formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone

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14
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior portion
Made of skeletal muscle and glandular tissue

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15
Q

Uvula

A

Keeps food in the oral cavity by closing the Nasopharynx when swallowing

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16
Q

Teeth components

A

Enamel
Dentine
Cementum

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17
Q

Enamel

A

Covers the exposed portion of the tooth
Non-living

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18
Q

Cementum

A

Covers the root
Non-living

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19
Q

Dentine

A

Hard tissue
Makes up most of the internal tooth
Lines the root canal
Living

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20
Q

Parts of a tooth

A

Crown
Neck
Root

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21
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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22
Q

Pharynx

A

Moves the bolus to the esophagus

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23
Q

Esophagus

A

Moves the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach (peristalsis)

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24
Q

Stomach

A

Stores and digests chyme

25
Q

Gastric rugae

A

Folds in the stomach that allow for expansion

26
Q

Three layers of the stomach

A

Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique

27
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

Cardiac
Fundic
Body
Pyloric

28
Q

Glands in the stomach

A

Pyloric gland
Gastric gland

29
Q

Gastric gland

A

Depression of the stomach
Lined with epithelium consisting of three cells
- mucous
- parietal
- chief

30
Q

Mucous cell

A

Secretes mucous

31
Q

Parietal cell

A

Secretes HCI (activates enzymes)
Secretes intrinsic factor (absorbs vitamin B12)

32
Q

Chief cell

A

Secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein)
Secretes gastric lipase (breaks down fat)

33
Q

Pancreas

A

Transports pancreas juices in the small intestine through the pancreatic duct

34
Q

Pancreatic juices

A

Water
Enzymes
Electrolytes
Sodium bicarbonate

35
Q

Liver

A

Bile production
Toxin removal
Storage of glycogen and vitamins
Conversion of organic compounds into useable forms

36
Q

Lobes of the liver

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

37
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

38
Q

Small intestine segments

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

39
Q

Duodenum

A

First segment of the small intestine
Chemical digestion and absorption

40
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle segment of the small intestine
Final digestion and absorption

41
Q

Ileum

A

Final segment of the small intestine
Absorption
Primary site of water absorption

42
Q

Circular folds in the intestinal walls

A

Run the entire length of the small intestine
Slow down the chyme, allowing it to mix with pancreas juices and bile

43
Q

Villi

A

Absorption in the small intestine

44
Q

Intestinal crypts

A

Between the villi
Contain panteth cells that release antibacterial enzymes

45
Q

Large intestine gross anatomy

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anus

46
Q

Anus

A

External opening

47
Q

Colon parts

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

48
Q

Cecum

A

Small pouch at the beginning g of the large intestine
Attaches to the appendix and the ileocecal valve

49
Q

Appendix

A

Contains lymphocytes, immune cells and bacteria

50
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Regulates the passage of chyme from the ileum to the cecum

51
Q

Salivary amylase

A

In the mouth
Breaks polysaccharides into disaccharides

52
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

In the small intestine
Polysaccharides to disaccharides

53
Q

Pepsin

A

In the stomach
Protein to peptides

54
Q

Bile salts

A

In the stomach
Emulsification

55
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Triglycerides to fatty acids

56
Q

Where are carbs digested?

A

Mouth and small intestine

57
Q

Where are proteins broken down

A

In the stomach

58
Q

Where are lipids broken down?

A

In the small intestine

A&P (16 decks)

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