Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive process
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
Digestive tract
Mouth to large intestine
Four layers of the digestive tract
Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscular
Serosa
Mucosa
Inner layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Secretion and absorption
Sub mucosa
Connective tissue, bl. Vessels, glands, nerves
Supports other layers of
Muscularis
Skeletal muscle in mouth and upper esophagus
Smooth muscle in lower esophagus and down the digestive tract
Inner layer- circular
Outer layer- longitudinal
Serosa
Outer layer of the digestive tract
Epithelium and connective tissue
Covering
Accessories to the digestive system
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Mouth functions
Ingestion
Digestion
Swallowing
Speech
Respiration
Tongue functions
Manipulates food
Speech
Indicates swallowing
Tongue accessories
Lingual papillae (taste buds)
Lingual frenulum- attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Palate
Forms the roof of the mouth
Hard palate
Anterior portion
Formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone
Soft palate
Posterior portion
Made of skeletal muscle and glandular tissue
Uvula
Keeps food in the oral cavity by closing the Nasopharynx when swallowing
Teeth components
Enamel
Dentine
Cementum
Enamel
Covers the exposed portion of the tooth
Non-living
Cementum
Covers the root
Non-living
Dentine
Hard tissue
Makes up most of the internal tooth
Lines the root canal
Living
Parts of a tooth
Crown
Neck
Root
Salivary glands
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Pharynx
Moves the bolus to the esophagus
Esophagus
Moves the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach (peristalsis)
Stomach
Stores and digests chyme
Gastric rugae
Folds in the stomach that allow for expansion
Three layers of the stomach
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique
Regions of the stomach
Cardiac
Fundic
Body
Pyloric
Glands in the stomach
Pyloric gland
Gastric gland
Gastric gland
Depression of the stomach
Lined with epithelium consisting of three cells
- mucous
- parietal
- chief
Mucous cell
Secretes mucous
Parietal cell
Secretes HCI (activates enzymes)
Secretes intrinsic factor (absorbs vitamin B12)
Chief cell
Secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein)
Secretes gastric lipase (breaks down fat)
Pancreas
Transports pancreas juices in the small intestine through the pancreatic duct
Pancreatic juices
Water
Enzymes
Electrolytes
Sodium bicarbonate
Liver
Bile production
Toxin removal
Storage of glycogen and vitamins
Conversion of organic compounds into useable forms
Lobes of the liver
Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate
Gall bladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Small intestine segments
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum
First segment of the small intestine
Chemical digestion and absorption
Jejunum
Middle segment of the small intestine
Final digestion and absorption
Ileum
Final segment of the small intestine
Absorption
Primary site of water absorption
Circular folds in the intestinal walls
Run the entire length of the small intestine
Slow down the chyme, allowing it to mix with pancreas juices and bile
Villi
Absorption in the small intestine
Intestinal crypts
Between the villi
Contain panteth cells that release antibacterial enzymes
Large intestine gross anatomy
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anus
Anus
External opening
Colon parts
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Cecum
Small pouch at the beginning g of the large intestine
Attaches to the appendix and the ileocecal valve
Appendix
Contains lymphocytes, immune cells and bacteria
Ileocecal valve
Regulates the passage of chyme from the ileum to the cecum
Salivary amylase
In the mouth
Breaks polysaccharides into disaccharides
Pancreatic amylase
In the small intestine
Polysaccharides to disaccharides
Pepsin
In the stomach
Protein to peptides
Bile salts
In the stomach
Emulsification
Pancreatic lipase
Triglycerides to fatty acids
Where are carbs digested?
Mouth and small intestine
Where are proteins broken down
In the stomach
Where are lipids broken down?
In the small intestine
